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BROOKLYN  BANK 

THE  OLDEST  IN  THE  BOROUGH 


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BRANCH       -       -        Cor.  Fulton  and  Clinton  Streets 


This  Bank  is  now  in  fact  as  well  as  name  a  purely  local  institution,  with  no  cu'si  • 
affiliations  whatever.  It  is  under  entirely  new  and  efficient  management,  and  its  Be;..  I  i  c 
Directors  is  composed  of  men  prominently  identified  with  the  business  interests  of  B,u  ... ,  , 
thus  insuring  a  safe,  conservative  and  successful  policy. 

Up  to-date  facilities  and  liberal  treatment  governed  by  sound  business  principals  i  1 
mark  its  future  course,  and  no  efforts  will  be  spared  to  give  patrons  a  thoroughly  modern  1 
advantageous  service.  - 

DANIEL  O.  UNDERHILL,  President, 

NELSON  G.  AYRES.  Vice  President  &  Cashier, 

WILLETT  G.  RENDELL.  Asst.  Cashier. 

FREDERICK  W.  FLOTTWELL,  Asr.t.  C-sMcr  . 

DIRECTORS 

NELSON  G.  AYRES  LUDWIG  XISSEN 

CHARLES  K.  !!!•'. h'.KMAN  WM.  A.  PRENDERGAST 

DESMOND  DUNNE  GEORGE  RAMSEY 

rOHN  I..  GAVIN  DAVID  SCHWARTZ 

ERSKINE  HEWITT  JEREMIAH   <'..  TUTHILL 

S.  S.  M  I'.NKKN  FRANK  II.  TYI.K.K 

D.  O.  UNDERHILL 


YOUR  PATRONAGE  SOLICITED. 


Oil-  113  2,/  0OKG7/T 


Photo  by  E.  F.  Foley. 

THE  PRISON-SHIP   MARTYRS'  MONUMENT. 


©Atrial  gwtlmtir  Drutratuut  of  tbp  $Iriflmt  £>biu  martyrs'  fRmuunrnt. 

THE  MONUMENT. 

THE  Prison  Ship  Martyrs'  Monument  is  on  the  highest  part  of  Fort 
Greene  Park  and  is  surrounded  by  a  granolithic  plaza  220x220  feet,  in 
the  center  of  which  stands  the  shaft  which  is  one  of  the  largest  fluted  columns 
in  the  country.  The  base  of  the  shaft  contains  a  double  platform,  or  stylobate, 
fifty-four  feet  square,  and  the  two  entrances  to  the  shaft  are  on  the  second 
platform  and  face  north  and  south.  From  the  west  there  is  a  granite  ap- 
proach to  the  upper  plaza  from  the  lower  level.  It  consists  of  three  flights 
of  thirty-four  steps  each  one  hundred  feet  wide  with  two  intermediate  plat- 
forms of  granolithic  pavement,  and  the  two  extremeties  of  the  flights  being  of 
granite  coping.  On  the  second  platform  and  in  the  center  of  the  flights  of 
steps  there  is  a  descent  to  the  crypt,  which  is,  therefore,  concealed  under  the 
steps,  and  wherein  are  contained  the  bones  of  the  Prison  Ship  Martyrs. 

The  height  of  the  shaft  from  the  lower  plaza  to  the  top  of  the  bronze 
urn  is  195  feet  8  inches,  and  from  the  upper  plaza  145  feet  8  inches.  The 
diameter  of  the  shaft  at  the  base  is  17  feet  6  inches  from  flute  to  flute,  and 
the  interior  diameter  is  9  feet. 

The  urn  surmounting  the  shaft  is  the  largest  piece  of  work  of  the  kind 
ever  attempted.  It  stands  20  feet  8  inches  above  the  top  of  the  granite  base, 
is  12  feet  in  diameter,  and  weighs  eight  tons;  35  men  can  stand  comfortably 
in  the  bowl.  The  decorative  lions'  heads  at  the  top  of  the  uprights  are  two 
feet  in  diameter,  and  weigh  100  pounds.  The  casting  of  this  immense  work 
was  done  by  the  Whale  Creek  Iron  Works,  of  Brooklyn,  and  required  the 
labors  of  from  15  to  20  men  for  four  months.  Models  of  all  the  parts  were 
first  made  and  submitted  to  the  architects,  and  a  full-sized  model  of  the  en- 
tire urn  was  built  up  in  plaster  over  a  wooden  frame  and  placed  on  top  of  the 
shaft  for  the  architects'  final  approval. 

A  glass  hemisphere  is  on  top  of  the  urn  directly  over  eight  one  hundred 
candle  power  incandescent  lights,  which  at  night  reflects  electric  rays,  and 
on  sunny  days  will  be  visible  from  great  distances.  The  top  of  the  urn  is 
fitted  with  a  gas  outlet,  which  produces  a  flame  similar  to  a  torch,  and  the  en- 
tire monument  is  otherwise  lighted  with  incandescent  globes. 

An  electric  elevator  and  two  circular  flights  of  stairs  furnish  means  of 
reaching  the  top,  where  there  are  two  openings  opening  on  the  abacus  course 
or  capital  of  the- column,  permitting  a  beautiful  view  of  the  entire  city. 

Four  corners  of  the  upper  plaza  contain  granite  standards  three  feet  in 
diameter,  and  ten  feet  high,  in  which  are  placed  towering  lights  trained  upon 
the  monument,  thus  furnishing  illumination  to  the  exterior. 

The  enclosure  about  the  entire  plaza  consists  of  Japanese  hedge.  There 
are  four  spaces  twenty-live  by  seventy  feet  in  which  it  is  intended  to  ulti- 
mately construct  pergolas  or  arbors. 

The  granite  for  the  shaft  and  stylobate  is  obtained  from  the  Newport 
White  Granite  Quarry,  located  in  the  northern  part  of  New  York  State,  and 
near  the  Canada  border  line.  The  granite  for  the  steps  is  from  Green  Island, 
Maine.  The  interior  of  the  monument,  or  the  backing  for  the  granite  is  of 
brick  painted  with  enamel  paint.  The  contract  for  this  work  was  awarded 
to  the  P.  J.  Carlin  Construction  Company. 

The  design  was  made  by  Messrs.  McKim,  Mead  &  W  hite,  and  was  said 
to  be  the  last  effort  of  Mr.  Stanford  White. 


COMPLIMENTS  OF 

Horatio  C.  King, 

44  Court  St.,  BrwWyn,  ft,  i. 


THE  year  1776  stands  out  conspicuously  in  American  history  by  the 
memorable  events  it  witnessed.  In  its  opening  months  Washington, 
who  had  been  holding-  the  English  army  in  Boston  as  if  in  a  vise, 
forced  the  redcoats  to  evacuate  the  city  on  St.  Patrick's  Day.  The  moral 
effect  of  this  can  be  readily  imagined.  The  "embattled  farmers,"  who  had 
quit  their  ploughs  and  taken  down  from  over  the  fireplaces  their  old  flintdocks 
to  fight  England's  trained  soldiers,  had  cooped  up  an  English  army  for  eight 
months  in  one  of  the  principal  cities  of  the  colonies  and  had  ended  by  forcing 
that  army  to  make  a  hasty  departure  to  escape  being  captured.  Washington's 
raw  recruits  had  been  tried  and  had  been  found  not  wanting. 

On  a  July  day  of  the  year  which  witnessed  the  forced  evacuation  of 
Boston  these  same  recruits  were  drawn  up  on  the  spot  where  the  New  York 
City  Hall  now  stands  to  listen  to  the  reading  of  the  Declaration  of  Inde- 
pendence, which  had  been  issued  on  the  fourth  day  of  the  same  month.  The 
colonies  had  ceased  to  be  British  dependencies  and  had  become  a  nation.  The 
American  people  in  that  memorable  summer  were  animated  with  high  hopes. 
To  them  the  future  looked  promising.  Then  the  prospect  suddenly  darkened. 
In  August  the  battle  of  Long  Island,  fought  on  ground  part  of  which  is  now 
included  within  the  limits  of  Prospect  Park,  Brooklyn,  took  place.  It  was  a 
decisive  and  crushing  defeat  for  the  Americans.  It  was  by  the  merest  chance 
that  the  whole  American  army  was  not  captured,  which  might  have  brought 
trie  War  of  the  Revolution  to  a  summary  end  then  and  there.  By  herculean 
efforts  Washington  succeeded  in  ferrying  his  defeated  troops  across  the  East 
River.  Then  began  a  rapid  retreat,  with  the  English  in  hot  pursuit,  who 
received  a  check  just  north  of  Central  Park. 

Things  looked  gloomy.  The  city  of  New  York  had  been  lost  and  there 
was  imminent  danger  of  the  American  army  being  surrounded  and  cut  to  pieces. 
Washington  resolved  to  make  a  dash  for  New  Jersey,  where  lie  would  have 
more  room  in  which  to  manoeuvre.  Unfortunately,  lie  was  over  persuaded  by 


©Atrial  *mibruir  OriMratum  of  tbr  Prison  §>luu  iflarturs'  iflnnumrut. 


©Atrial  £>uutmttr  Driiiratum  of  lijr  $Jriami  iHartyra'  fRunumrnt. 


Gen.  Greene  to  leave  a  garrison  of  two  thousand  men  in  Fort  W  ashington, 
which  he  at  first  intended  to  evacuate.  The  fort,  which  was  on  the  New  York 
side  of  the  Hudson,  not  far  from  the  present  Riverside  Drive,  was  taken  by 
assault  in  November,  1776,  two  thousand  prisoners  falling  into  the  hands  of 
the  British.  It  was  the  second  staggering  blow  struck  at  the  American  cause 
in  the  course  of  a  few  months.  It  is  estimated  that  the  number  of  persons 
taken  by  the  British  at  the  battle  of  Long  Island  and  at  the  fall  of  Fort 
Washington  aggregated  five  thousand.  This  number  was  increased  by  the 
prisoners  taken  in  the  several  engagements  fought  during  the  New  Jersey 
campaign. 

The  question  of  how  to  house  this  army  of  prisoners  pressed  for  solution 
in  the  closing  days  of  1776.  At  the  time  there  were  only  two  jails  in  New 
York  city,  namely,  the  "New  Jail,"  which  until  recently  remained  in  quite  an 
altered  form  as  the  "Hall  of  Records,"  and  the  Bridewell,  which  was  situated 
between  the  site  of  the  present  City  Hall  and  Broadway.  As  these  two  jails 
could  not  hold  the  great  number  of  Americans  captured  in  battle,  the  British 
were  compelled  to  convert  three  large  sugar  houses,  several  of  the  dissenting 
churches,  the  hospitals  and  Columbia  College  into  prisons.  The  last  of  the 
sugar  houses  to  survive  the  ravages  of  time  was  the  one  owned  by  the  Rhine- 
lander  family,  which  stood  on  the  corner  of  William  and  Duane  streets.  Into 
these  prisons  were  crowded  the  unfortunate  patriots  whom  the  fortunes  of  war 
nad  placed  at  the  tender  mercy  of  the  British.  These  buildings  also  were  soon 
crowded  to  overflowing  by  daily  accessions  of  captive  patriots,  who,  in  many 
instances,  found  not  even  space  to  lie  down  and  rest  upon  the  hard  and  filthy 
floors.  Here,  in  these  loathsome  dungeons,  denied  the  light  and  air  of  heaven, 
scantily  fed  on  poor,  putrid  and  sometimes  even  uncooked  food ;  obliged  to 
endure  the  companionship  of  the  most  abandoned  criminals  and  those  sick 
with  smallpox  and  other  infectious  diseases;  worn  out  by  the  groans  and  com- 
plaints of  their  suffering  fellows,  and  subjected  to  every  conceivable  insult 
and  indignity  by  their  inhuman  keepers,  thousands  of  Americans  sickened 
and  died. 

The  horrors  of  these  improvised  prisons  were,  however,  soon  to  be 
outdone  by  the  inhuman  treatment  inflicted  upon  the  unfortunates  confined  in 
the  prison  ships  anchored  in  the  Wallabout  Bay,  where  now  are  stationed  great 
warships  flying  the  flag  of  the  nation  which  was  born  of  the  magnificent 
heroism  and  terrible  suffering  of  the  noble  men  who  were  literally  martyrs  in 
the  cause  of  human  freedom.  In  these  prison  hulks  were  confined  the  crews 
of  American  privateers  captured  by  British  cruisers.  There  were  also  some 
soldiers  of  the  Continental  army,  but  the  majority  of  the  prisoners  had  been 
captured  at  sea.  The  first  of  these  hulks  was  a  large  transport  named  the 
Whitby,  which  was  anchored  in  the  Wallabout  in  October,  1776.  Later  on 
the  "Old  Jersey,"  the  "John,"  the  "Falmouth,"  the  "Chatham,"  the  "Kitty," 
the  "Frederick,"  the  "Glasgow,"  the  "Woodlands,"  the  "Scheldt"  and  the 


(Dfftrial  ^oubrnir  Srtoratum  of  tl?r  Prison  §>l]\\i  Utariyrs'  fftmutmrnt. 


tiDfitrial  fbaubemx  Uriiiratum  xif  tl|r  prhum  S>lny  martyrs'  fHmuutmtt. 


"Clyde"  made  up  the  murderous  fleet  in  which  so  many  Americans  were 
starved  and  tortured  to  death. 

Of  the  ships  we  have  mentioned  the  "Old  Jersey,"  very  appropriately 
nicknamed  the  "Hell,"  stands  out  pre-eminent  by  its  murderous  record. 
Originally  she  was  a  fourth-rate  sixty-gun  ship  of  the  British  navy,  built  in 
1739.    When  her  fighting  days  were  over  she  was  used  for  purposes  which 
have  made  her  name  synonymous  with  infamous  cruelty,  the  retelling  of 
which  makes  us  shudder  even  now,  after  the  lapse  of  more  than  a  hundred 
years.    Captain  Dring.  who  was  one  of  the  unfortunates  immured  in  the 
"Jersey,"  has  left  an  interesting  narrative  of  his  experience  on  board  of  her. 
He  gives  us  this  description  of  the  hull  in  the  hold  of  which  he  was  to  spend 
so  many  days  of  privation  and  torture:    "We  at  length  doubled  a  point  and 
came  in  view  of  the  Wallabout,  where  lay  before  us  the  black  hulk  of  the  'Old 
Jersey,'  with  her  satellites,  the  three  hospital  ships,  to  which  Sproal,  British 
commissary  of  prisoners,  pointed  in  an  exulting  manner  and  said,  'There, 
rebels,  there  is  the  cage  for  you !'     As  he  spoke  my  eye  was  instantly  turned 
from  the  dreaded  hulk,  but  a  single  glance  had    shown  us  a  multitude  of 
human  beings  moving  about  her  upper  deck.    It  was  then  nearly  sunset,  and 
before  we  were  alongside  every  man,  except  the  sentinls  on  the  gangway,  had 
disappeared.  Previous  to  their  being  sent  below  some  of  the  prisoners,  seeing 
us  approaching,  waved  their  hats,  as  if  they  would  say  approach  us  not ;  and 
we  soon  found  fearful  reason  for  the  warning.    While  waiting  alongside  for 
orders,  some  of  the  prisoners,  whose  features  they  could  not  see  on  account  of 
the  increasing  darkness,  addressed  them  through  the  airholes  which  we  have 
described.   After  some  questions  as  to  whence  they  came  and  concerning  their 
capture  one  of  the  prisoners  remarked  that  it  was  a  lamentable  thing  to  see  so 
many  young  men,  in  full  strength,  with  the  flush  of  health  upon  their  counte- 
nance, about  to  enter  that  infernal  place  of  abode.    'Death,'  he  said,  "had  no 
relish  for  such  skeleton  carcasses  as  we  are,  but  he  will  now  have  a  feast  upon 
you  fresh  comers.'    The  newcomers  were  registered  and  sent  below,  but  the 
intolerable  heat  and  foul  air  rendered  sleep  impossible;  and  when  they  sought 
the  airholes,  in  order  to  gain  one  breath  of  exterior  air,  they  found  them 
occupied  by  others,  who  seemed  to  be  justified,  by  the  law  of  self-preservation, 
in  keeping  possession,  and  who  could  not  be  induced  by  any  amount  of 
persuasion  to  relinquish  their  places  even  for  a  moment." 

The  moment  an  unfortunate  prisoner  set  foot  on  the  deck  of  the  Jersey 
or  on  the  deck  of  any  other  of  the  prison  hulks  he  had  to  face  the  starvation 
process.  Each  prisoner  was  furnished  in  quantity  with  two-thirds  of  the 
allowance  of  a  seaman  in  the  British  navy  at  that  time.  In  other  words  there 
was  doled  out  to  each  six  men  what  was  equivalent  to  the  full  rations  of  four 
men.  Not  only  in  quantity  was  the  food  deficient,  but,  worse  still,  in  quality 
it  was  unfit  for  human  beings  to  eat.  Sherburne,  one  of  the  victims,  in  his 
Memoirs  gives  us  this  description  of  what  he  and  the  other  prisoners  on  the 
Jersey  were  obliged  to  eat  to  satisfy  the  cravings  of  hunger:    "Tt  was  sup- 


©Atrial  &mtfa?nir  Sr-iitraiunt  of  tljr-  prison  S»biu  martyrs'  dftmunttrot 


PLAN  OF  THE  BATTLE  OE  BROOKLYN, 
August  27,  1776. 


©Atrial  gautttruir  UcMratuni  of  tljr  Prison  S>l]\\f  ittartyrs'  iflUntumrnt. 

posed  that  this  bread  and  beef  had  been  condemned  in  the  British  navy.  The 
bread  had  been  so  eaten  by  weevils  that  one  might  easily  crush  it  in  the  hand 
and  blow  it  away.  -The  beef  was  exceedingly  salt,  and  scarcely  a  particle  of 
fat  could  be  seen  upon  it.  Once  a  week  we  had  a  mess  of  what  is  called 
burgoo,  or  mush  (the  Yankees  would  call  it  hasty  pudding),  made  of  oatmeal 
and  water.  This  oatmeal  was  scarcely  ever  sweet:  it  was  generally  so  musty 
and  bitter  that  none  but  people  suffering  as  we  did  could  eat  it.''  Captain 
Coffin,  another  prisoner  on  board  the  "Jersey,"  furnishes  us  with  this  picture 
of  the  straits  to  which  the  famished  prisoners  were  reduced  in  order  to  ward 
off  starvation  :  "On  the  upper  deck  of  the  Jersey  hogs  were  kept  in  pens  by 
those  officers  who  had  charge  of  her  for  their  own  use.  They  were  sometimes 
fed  with  bran.  The  prisoners,  whenever  they  could  get  an  opportunity  undis- 
covered by  the  sentries  would,  with  their  tin  pots,  scoop  the  bran  from  the 
troughs  and  eat  it  (after  boiling,  when  there  was  fire  in  the  galley,  which  was 
not  always  the  case)  with  seemingly  as  good  an  appetite  as  the  hogs  them- 
selves." 

As  if  the  condition  of  things  produced  by  insufficient  and  uneatable 
food  was  not  bad  enough,  there  was  superadded  a  method  of  cooking  which 
inevitably  was  the  cause  of  all  the  sickness  that  frequently  ended  in  death. 
On  board  the  Jersey  the  cooking  was  done  under  the  forecastle,  or,  as  it  was 
usually  called,  the  galley,  in  a  boiler  or  great  copper  which  was  inclosed  in 
brickwork  about  eight  feet  square.  This  copper  was  large  enough  to  contain 
two  or  three  hogsheads  of  water.  It  was  made  in  a  square  form  and  divided 
into  two  separate  compartments  by  a  partition.  In  one  side  of  the  copper  the 
peas  and  oatmeal  for  the  prisoners  were  boiled,  which  was  done  in  fresh  water; 
in  the  other  side  the  meat  was  boiled.  This  side  of  the  boiler  was  filled  with 
the  salt  water  from  alongside  of  the  ship,  by  which  means  the  copper  became 
soon  corroded  and  consequently  poisonous,  the  fatal  consequences  of  which 
are  obvious.  Fox,  in  his  Adventures  in  the  Revolution,  referring  to  this 
famous  pot,  throws  the  following  strong  side  light  upon  the  horrible  condi- 
tions under  which  the  prisoners  on  board  the  "Jersey"  were  forced  to  consume 
their  food:  "The  inside  of  the  copper  had  become  corroded  to  such  a  degree 
that  it  was  lined  with  a  coat  of  verdigris,  and  that  the  effects  of  this  was 
evident  in  the  cadaverous  countenances  of  those  emaciaed  beings  who  had 
remained  on  board  for  any  length  of  time.  The  Jersey,  from  her  size,  and 
lying  near  the  shore,  was  embedded  in  the  mud ;  and  I  do  not  recollect  seeing 
her  afloat  during  the  whole  time  I  was  a  prisoner.  All  the  filth  which 
accumulated  among  upward  of  a  thousand  men  was  daily  thrown  overboard 
and  would  remain  there  until  carried  away  by  the  tide.  The  impurity  of  the 
water  may  be  easily  conceived,  and  in  this  water  our  meat  was  boiled." 

Small  wonder  that  the  Angel  of  Death  was  soon  busily  at  work  in  the 
hold  of  the  prison  hulks.  Dysentery,  smallpox  and  yellow  fever  daily  made 
fearful  ravages  among  the  emaciated  skeletons,  whose  lives  from  the  moment 
they  touched  the  deck  of  one  of  these  prison  ships  was  one  long  continuous 


(Official  *nuiuniir  Urtitratum  of  tltr  Jpriann  g>Ittp  fHartyrs'  HUmumrut. 


QDfftrial  $mibrnir  Uratratum  nf  tljr  ^Irtium  g>ljtp  martyrs'  HHmummtt. 


torture,  which  for  many  of  them  ended  in  the  grave.  One  who  went  through 
the  horrible  experience  of  imprisonment  in  one  of  these  hells  on  earth  has 
described  for  us  the  nightly  scenes  which  took  place  in  the  dark,  foul-smelling 
and  overcrowded  holds  of  the  Jersey  and  of  her  companion  prison  ships.  We 
quote  from  Dring's  Narrative:  "Silence  was  a  stranger  to  our  dark  abode. 
There  were  continual  noises  during  the  night.  The  groans  of  the  sick  and 
the  dying,  the  curses  poured  out  by  the  weary  and  exhausted  upon  our 
inhuman  keepers;  the  restlessness  caused  by  the  suffocating  heat  and  the 
confined  and  poisonous  air,  mingled  with  the  wild  and  incoherent  ravings  of 
delirium,  were  the  sounds  which  every  night  were  raised  around  us."  Andros, 
another  prison  ship  victim,  gives  this  dramatic  account  of  his  personal  experi- 
ence during  those  nights  of  accumulated  horror:  "Utter  mental  derangement 
was  a  common  symptom  of  yellow  fever,  and  to  increase  the  horror  of  the 
darkness  that  shrouded  us  (for  we  were  allowed  no  light  betwixt  decks)  the 
voice  of  warning  would  be  heard,  'Take  heed  to  yourselves;  there  is  a  madman 
stalking  through  the  ship  with  a  knife  in  his  hand.'  1  sometimes  found  the 
man  a  corpse  in  the  morning  by  whose  side  I  laid  myself  down  at  night.  At 
another  time  he  would  become  deranged  and  attempt,  in  darkness,  to  rise,  and 
stumble  over  the  bodies  that  everywhere  covered  the  deck.  In  this  case  I  had  to 
hold  him  in  his  place  by  main  strength.  In  spite  of  my  efforts  he  would  some- 
times rise,  and  then  I  had  to  close  in  with  him,  trip  up  his  heels  and  lay  him 
again  upon  the  deck.  While  so  many  were  sick  with  raging  fever  there  was  a 
loud  cry  for  water;  but  none  could  be  had  except  on  the  upper  deck,  and  but 
one  allowed  to  ascend  at  a  time.  The  suffering  then  from  the  rage  of  thirst 
during  the  night  was  very  great.  Nor  was  it  at  all  times  safe  to  attempt  to  go 
up.  Provoked  by  the  continual  cry  for  leave  to  ascend,  when  there  was  already 
one  on  deck,  the  sentry  would  push  them  back  with  his  bayonet." 

One  naturally  would  suppose  that  the  sight  of  the  helplessness  and 
suffering  of  the  American  patriots  would  have  touched  a  tender  chord  in  the 
hearts  of  their  English  jailers  and  would  have  made  them  do  what  they  could 
to  mitigate  the  horrors  of  the  Jersey  and  the  other  prison  ships.  But  to  the 
disgrace  of  our  common  humanity  this  was  not  the  case.  The  brutal  and  heart- 
less English  guards  fairly  reveled  in  perpetrating  acts  of  fiendish  cruelty  upon 
men  who  were  powerless  to  protect  themselves.  In  a  publication  entitled 
History  of  Prison-Ship  Martyrs,  William  Burke,  who  was  a  prisoner  on  board 
of  the  Jersey  for  about  fourteen  months,  relates  the  following  story  of  what 
he  personally  witnessed  :  "During  that  time  among  other  cruelties  which  were 
committed  I  have  known  many  of  the  American  prisoners  put  to  death  by  the 
bayonet.  In  particular  I  well  recollect  that  it  was  the  custom  on  board  the 
ship  for  but  one  prisoner  at  a  time  to  be  admitted  on  deck  at  night,  besides 
the  guards  or  sentinels.  One  night,  while  the  prisoners  were  many  of  them 
assembled  at  the  gate  at  the  hatchway  for  the  purpose  of  obtaining  fresh  air 
and  waiting  their  turn  to  go  on  deck,  one  of  the  sentinels  thrust  his  bayonet 
down  among  them,  and  in  the  morning  twenty-five  of  them  were  found 


©ffirtal  gauthrnir  UriUratuni  of  tljr  fhrison  ^hi|i  iHartyra'  iflummmtt. 


wounded  and  stuck  in  the  head  and  dead  of  the  wounds  they  had  thus  received. 
I  further  recollect  that  this  was  the  case  several  mornings,  when  sometimes 
five  and  sometimes  eight  or  ten  were  found  dead  by  the  same  means."' 

Burke's  testimony  enables  us  to  understand  the  spirit  animating  the 
heartless  wretches  at  whose  absolute  mercy  were  the  unfortunate  American 
patriots  confined  in  the  pestilential  holds  of  the  prison  ships.  The  latter  had 
abandoned  the  comforts  of  home  and  had  faced  death  in  the  service  of  their 
country.  The  inhuman  treatment  to  which  they  were  subjected  had  not  killed 
in  them  the  sentiment  of  patriotism.  For  them  the  Fourth  of  July  was  a  red 
letter  day,  as  it  marked  the  severance  of  the  political  ties  which  had  bound  the 
American  colonies  to  England.  On  each  anniversary  of  the  issuing  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  the  emaciated  prisoners,  who  were  barely  alive, 
celebrated  the  day  as  best  they  could.  One  of  these  celebrations  is  memorable 
for  a  display  of  savagery  on  the  part  of  the  sentinels.  The  story  of  what 
occurred  on  the  4th  of  July,  1782,  is  well  worth  repeating.  The  prisoners,  upon 
going  on  deck  in  the  morning,  displayed  thirteen  little  national  fiags  in  a  row 
upon  the  booms,  which  were  immediately  torn  down  and  trampled  under  the 
feet  of  the  guard.  Paying  no  attention  to  this,  the  prisoners  proceeded  to 
amuse  themselves  with  patriotic  songs,  speeches  and  cheers,  all  the  while 
avoiding  anything  which  could  be  considered  as  intentional  insult  to  the  guard. 
The  latter  at  an  unusually  early  hour  in  the  afternoon  drove  the  prisoners 
below  at  the  point  of  the  bayonet  and  closed  the  hatches.  The  prisoners  con- 
tinued their  singing,  etc.,  between  decks  until  about  9  o'clock  in  the  evening. 
When  an  order  to  desist  was  not  promptly  complied  with  the  hatches  were 
suddenly  removed  and  the  guards  descended  among  them  with  lanterns  and 
cutlasses  in  their  hands.  Then  ensued  a  scene  of  horror.  The  helpless  pris- 
oners, retreating  from  the  hatchways  as  far  as  their  crowded  condition  would 
permit,  were  followed  by  the  guards,  who  mercilessly  hacked,  cut  and 
wounded  every  one  within  their  reach.  They  then  ascended  to  the  upper 
deck,  fastening  down  the  hatches  upon  the  poor  victims  of  their  cruel  rage, 
leaving  them  to  languish  through  the  long,  sultry  summer  night,  without 
water  to  cool  their  parched  throats  and  without  lights  by  which  they  might 
have  dressed  their  wounds.  To  add  to  their  torment  it  was  not  until  the 
middle  of  the  next  forenoon  that  the  prisoners  were  allowed  to  go  on  deck  and 
slake  their  thirst  or  to  receive  their  rations  of  food  which,  that  day  they 
were, obliged  to  eat  uncooked.  Ten  corpses  were  found  below  on  the  morning 
which  succeeded  that  memorable  4th  of  July  and  many  others  were  badly 
wounded. 

This  sample  of  the  savagery  with  which  the  American  prisoners  were 
treated  is  suggestive  of  much.  It  shows  that  the  inhuman  guards  needed  only 
a  pretext  to  wreak  their  vengeance  upon  their  victims.  It  is  not  surprising 
that  men,  whose  lives  were  a  living  death,  were  goaded  into  taking  desperate 
chances  to  escape  from  the  tortures  to  which  they  were  subjected  hourly. 
This  was  what  happened  on  the  prison  ship  Stromboli  one  nisrht  when  her 
commander  was  ashore.  Several  of  the  prisoners  made  an  attack  upon  the 
guard  in  an  abortive  attempt  to  obtain  their  freedom.  Some  of  them  were 
killed  and  others  were  wounded.  By  the  time  the  captain  went  aboard  the 
outbreak  had  been  quelled.    The  wounded  Americans  were,  however,  still 


©Atrial  gwubrmr  Srbiratum  uf  tlir  prison  Bljxp  Jflartgra'  ittmuunrnt. 


ODffirial  guuturuir  Qrriiratimt  of  tlir  Prison  iflarturs'  iWmtummt. 


lying  on  the  deck.  Silas  Talbot,  who  was  a  prisoner  on  board  the  Stromboli, 
has  left  on  record  the  following  description  of  the  brutal  scene  enacted  on  the 
return  of  the  Stromboli's  commander:  "A  poor  fellow  lying  on  deck  bleeding 
and  almost  exhausted  by  a  mortal  wound,  called  the  captain  by  name,  and 
begged  him,  'for  God's  sake,  a  little  water,  for  I  am  dying!'    The  captain 

applied  a  light  to  his  face  and  directly  exclaimed:     'What,  is  it  you,   d  n 

you?  I'm  glad  you  are  shot!  If  I  knew  the  man  who  shot  you  I'd  give  him  a 

guinea.  Take  that,  you  d  n  rebel  rascal !'  and  instantly  dashed  his  foot  in  the 

face  of  the  dying  man."  What  a  picture  this  is !  How  vividly  it  brings  home 
to  us  across  the  chasm  of  the  years  that  scene  between  the  dying  martyr  in 
the  cause  of  American  freedom  and  the  savage  English  captain  stamping  his 
foot  in  the  face  of  one  already  in  the  agonies  of  death.  If  Silas  Talbot  had  not 
committed  to  writing  what  he  personally  witnessed  the  fiendish  act  just  de- 
scribed would  have  been  buried  in  oblivion.  Acts  equally  savage  were  com- 
mitted constantly  on  board  the  prison  ships,  but  rarely  was  there  a  Silas 
Talbot  present  to  transmit  any  account  of  them  to  posterity. 

The  English  jailers  of  the  prison  ship  martyrs  not  only  practiced  fright- 
ful cruelties  on  the  latter  when  alive,  but  allowed  their  hatred  for  their  victims 
to  extend  to  their  dead  bodies,  which  were  hastily  and  indecorously  consigned 
to  the  earth,  in  some  cases  almost  before  they  had  become  cold.  In  the  His- 
tory of  the  Prison  Ship  Martyrs  Captain  Coffin,  who  was  a  prisoner,  tells  the 
following  story  of  how  one  of  his  fellow  prisoners  barely  escaped  being  buried 
alive:  "A  man  of  the  name  of  Gavot,  a  native  of  Rhode  Island,  died,  as  was 
supposed,  and  was  sewed  up  in  his  hammock  and  in  the  evening  carried  upon 
deck  to  be  taken  with  others  who  were  dead  and  those  who  might  die  during 
the  night  on  shore,  to  be  interred  (in  their  mode  of  interring).  During  the 
night  it  rained  pretty  hard;  in  the  morning,  when  they  were  loading  the  boat 
with  the  dead,  one  hammock  was  observed  by  one  of  the  English  seamen  to 
move.  He  spoke  to  the  officer,  and  told  him  that  he  believed  the  man  in  that 
hammock  (pointing  to  it)  was  not  dead.  'In  with  him,'  said  the  officer;  'if  he 
is  not  dead  he  soon  will  be.'  But  the  honest  tar,  more  humane  than  his  officer, 
swore  he  never  would  bury  a  man  alive,  and  with  his  penknife  ripped  open  the 
hammock  when,  behold !  the  man  was  really  alive.  What  was  the  cause  of 
this  man's  reanimation  is  a  question  for  doctors  to  decide.  It  was  at  the  time 
supposed  that  the  rain  during  the  night  had  caused  the  reaction  of  the  animal 
functions,  which  were  suspended  but  not  totally  annihilated." 

The  readiness  of  the  English  officer  to  take  a  chance  of  burying  a  man 
alive  shows  how  callous  were  the  men  at  whose  mercy  the  prisoners  were 
placed.  The  unceremonious  manner  in  which  the  dead  were  buried  was  the 
natural  result  of  this  callousness.  The  bodies  of  those  who  during  the  night 
escaped  from  their  sufferings  through  the  portals  of  death  were  brought  up 
each  morning  by  the  working  party  and  placed  upon  the  gratings  of  the  upper 
decks.  Their  glazed  eyeballs  staring  upward  toward  the  heavens,  their 
ghostly  and  pinched  features,  contorted  by  the  suffering  through  which  they 
had  passed,  their  bodies  stiff,  stark  and  naked  (their  clothes,  if  they  had  any, 
were  the  perquisites  of  the  so-called  nurses),  these  martyrs  in  the  cause  of 
American  freedom  awaited  the  only  remaining  insult  which  their  captors  could 
inflict  upon  them — the  indignity  of  an  unhonored  and  unknown  grave.  Soon 
the  deadboat  was  seen  approaching,  receiving  her  ghastly  freight  from  the 
other  prison -ships  on  her  way  to  the  Jersey.  Upon  her  arrival  alongside  each 
corpse  was  laid  upon  a  board  to  which  it  was  bound  with  ropes,  a  tackle  at- 
tached to  the  board  and  the  whole  lowered  over  the  ship's  side  into  the  dead- 


©fiirial  Sunthrmr  Dfuiratiini  nf  tlir  JJrtsou  ^btp  iRarturs'  Hhmumrttt. 

boat  without  further  ceremony.  Captain  Dring,  whom  we  have  already 
quoted,  happened  to  be  drafted  into  one  of  these  burying  parties.  He  has 
left  on  record  the  following  description  of  what  he  saw:  "After  landing  at  a 
low  wharf,  which  had  been  built  from  the  shore,  we  first  went  to  a  small  hut, 
which  stood  near  the  wharf,  and  was  used  as  a  place  of  deposit  for  the  hand- 
barrows  and  shovels  provided  for  these  occasions.  Having  placed  the  corpses 
on  the  hand-barrows,  and  received  our  hoes  and  shovels,  we  proceeded  to  the 
side  of  a  bank  near  the  Wallabout.  Here  a  vacant  space  having  been  se- 
lected, we  were  directed  to  dig  a  trench  in  the  sand  of  a  proper  length  for  the 
reception  of  the  bodies.  We  continued  our  labor  until  our  guards  considered 
that  a  sufficient  space  had  been  excavated.  The  corpses  were  then  laid  into 
the  trench  without  ceremony,  and  we  threw  the  sand  over  them.  The  whole 
appeared  to  produce  no  more  effect  upon  our  guards  than  if  we  were  burying 
the  bodies  of  dead  animals  instead  of  men.  They  scarcely  allowed  us  time 
to  look  about  us ;  for,  no  sooner  had  we  heaped  the  earth  above  the  trench, 
than  the  order  was  given  to  march.  But  a  single  glance  was  sufficient  to 
show  us  parts  of  many  bodies  which  were  exposed  to  view ;  although  they 
had  probably  been  placed  there,  with  the  same  mockery  of  interment,  but  a 
few  days  before." 

The  rain  and  tide  were  soon  busily  at  work  undoing  these  mock  burials. 
For  several  years  after  the  close  of  the  Revolution  the  bones  of  those  who  died 
on  board  the  prison-ships  were  to  be  seen  scarcely  earthed  in  the  falling  banks 
of  the  Wallabout,  or  strewn  upon  its  shores,  and  bleaching  beneath  the  win- 
ter's storm  and  the  summer's  scorching  sun.  Sam  Johnson  in  his  Recollec- 
tions of  Brooklyn  and  New  York  in  1776,  referring  to  these  mute  witnesses  of 
English  savagery,  says :  "We  believe  that  more  than  half  the  dead  on  the 
outer  side  of  the  mill  pond  were  washed  out  by  the  waves  at  high  tide  during 
northeasterly  winds.  The  bones  lay  exposed  along  the  beach,  drying  and 
festering  in  the  sun,  and  whitening  the  shore,  till  reached  by  the  power  of  a 
succeeding  storm.  As  the  agitated  waters  receded  the  bones  receded  with 
them  into  the  deep.  We  ourselves  have  examined  many  of  the  skulls  lying 
on  the  shore.  From  the  teeth  they  appeared  to  be  the  remains  of  men  in  the 
prime  of  life." 

In  the  course  of  time  these  mockeries  of  burials  multiplied  in  number 
on  account  of  the  increased  mortality  among  the  prisoners,  due  to  the  over- 
crowded condition  of  the  prison  ships.  The  notorious  Jersey,  with  which 
such  horrible  memories  are  associated,  became  at  length  so  crowded  and  the 
increase  of  disease  among  the  prisoners  so  rapid,  that  even  the  hospital  ships 
were  inadequate  for  their  reception.  In  this  emergency,  bunks  were  erected 
on  the  starboard  side  of  the  upper  deck  of  the  Jersey  for  accommodation  of  the 
sick  from  between  decks.  The  horrors  of  the  old  hulk  were  now  increased 
a  hundred-fold.  Foul  air,  confinement,  darkness,  hunger,  thirst,  the  slow 
poison  of  the  malarious  locality  in  which  the  ship  was  anchored,  the  torments 
of  vermin,  the  suffocating  heat,  alternating  with  cold.  and.  above  all,  the  al- 
most total  absence  of  hope,  performed  their  deadly  work  unchecked.  A  con- 
temporary, speaking  of  the  old  hulk,  fittingly  describes  it  in  these  terms: 
"The  whole  ship,  from  her  keel  to  the  taffrail,  was  equally  contaminated,  and 
contained  pestilence  sufficient  to  desolate  a  world.  Disease  and  death  were 
wrought  into  her  very  timbers."  That  this  was  not  an  overdrawn  picture  is 
shown  by  the  number  of  those  done  to  death  in  the  hold  of  the  Jersey.  It 
was  estimated  shortly  after  the  close  of  the  Revolutionary  War,  when  the 
data  were  more  easily  obtainable  than  now,  that  upwards  of  eleven  thousand 


©fltrial  g-oubrnir  UnMratum  of  tlir  Prison  &htu  Hartgra'  ittmutumit. 


died  aboard  of  her.  A  letter  from  the  Jersey  published  in  the  Pennsylvania 
Pocket  of  September  4,  1781,  furnishes  these  suggestive  statistics.  "We  bury 
six,  seven,  eight,  nine,  ten  and  eleven  men  in  a  day.  W  have  two  hundred 
more  sick  and  falling  sick  every  day."  The  other  prison  ships  added  their 
quota  to  this  death  roll,  which  had  been  steadily  lengthening  during  the  seven 
years  these  floating  morgues  were  stationed  in  the  Wallabout.  An  American 
patriot,  horrified  by  this  holocaust  to  English  brutality,  made  the  following 
appeal  to  the  press  of  the  country : 

"Fishkill,  May  8,  1783. 
"To  All  Printers  of  Public  Newspapers. 
"Tell  it  to  the  world,  and  let  it  be  published  in  every  newspaper  through- 
out America,  Europe,  Asia  and  Africa,  to  the  everlasting  disgrace  and  infamy 
of  the  British  king's  commanders  at  New  York,  that  during  the  late  war,  it  is 
said,  11,644  American  prisoners  have  suffered  death  by  their  inhuman,  cruel, 
savage,  and  barbarous  usage  on  board  the  filthy  and  malignant  British  prison- 
ship,  called  the  Jersey,  lying  at  New  York.  Britons,  tremble,  lest  the  ven- 
geance of  Heaven  fall  on  your  isle  for  the  blood  of  these  unfortunate  victims. 

"An  American." 

It  cannot  be  truthfully  alleged  that  this  frightful  death  list  was  due  to 
circumstances  which  were  beyond  control.  Thousands  who  sickened  and 
died  in  the  pestilential  holds  of  the  prison  ships  might  have  been  saved  if  the 
dictates  of  humanity  had  not  been  wholly  ignored.  Take,  for  instance,  the 
water  served  out  to  the  prisoners.  It  was  putrid  and  wholly  unfit  for  human 
beings  to  drink.  Unquestionably  it  was  one  of  the  chief  causes  of  the  dis- 
eases which  carried  off  so  many  victims.  Captain  Coffin,  who,  as  a  prisoner, 
knew  from  personal  experience  the  kind  of  water  served  to  him  and  his  com- 
panions in  captivity,  says  in  the  History  of  Prison  Ship  Martyrs  that  they 
were  obliged  to  drink  water,  the  scent  of  which  would  have  decomposed  the 
olfactory  nerves  of  a  Hottentot;  while  within  a  cable's  length  of  the  ship,  on 
Long  Island,  there  was  running  before  our  eyes,  as  though  intended  to  tan- 
talize us,  as  fine,  pure  and  wholesome  water  as  man  would  wish  to  drink." 
The  prison  ships  themselves  need  not  have  been  the  hells  they  were.  As  al- 
ready stated  they  were  condemned  vessels  of  war,  totally  unsuitable  for  places 
of  confinement.  Nor  was  there  the  least  necessity  for  using  them  as  such,  as 
within  a  stone's  throw,  were  broad  acres  of  unoccupied  land,  much  better 
suited  for  the  purpose.  Neither  was  there  any  real  or  pretended  necessity  for 
resort  to  the  extreme  measures  which  were  adopted  towards  the  American 
naval  prisoners.  It  is  evident  that  the  Jersey,  which  had  once  accommodated 
a  crew  of  over  four  hundred,  with  full  armament,  supplies,  etc.,  might,  with- 
out her  stores,  dismantled,  and  anchored  in  a  protected  situation,  have  easily 
been  made  comfortable  for  even  the  thousand  prisoners  which  she  is  said  to 
have  averaged.  That  she  was  not  so,  and  that  she  became  a  "festering  plague 
spot,"  was  attributable  largely  to  the  conduct  of  the  English  officers  under 
whose  immediate  care  the  prisoners  were  placed. 

It  speaks  well  for  the  patriotism  of  the  Prison-ship  Martyrs  that  defy- 
ing torture,  starvation,  loathsome  disease  and  the  prospect  of  a  neglected  and 
forgotten  grave,  they  resisted  the  temptation  to  escape  from  their  noisome 
prisons  by  enlisting  in  the  British  service.  This  chance  was  daily  offered  to 
them  by  the  British  recruiting  officers,  who  visited  the  ships,  but  whose  per- 
suasions and  offers  were  almost  invaribly  treated  with  contempt  by  men  who 
fully  expected  to  die  where  they  were.    Despite  untold  physical  suffering;  de- 


(fffirtal  ^nulunttr  DrMratum  uf  thr  prison  &ifi$  Ulartgra'  ittmutmcut. 


or 


Jv-  T.n  the  it^rti^  of  .the  Spirits  of 

j£ the  Departed  F1 R  E  E . 
S  &cxi-td.  to  the  memory  of  that  por 
- 1 ioi  i  of  Atxier  ie  an  Se amen ,5  <  >1  die ts 
Citizens,  -who  perished  in  the  cau^e  of 
Liberty  &  their  Country  on  hoard  the 
prison  ships  of  the  British  (during  the  lire 
pplxrtionary  ;war,)  at  the  Well- ah  out. 

iThis  is  the  corner  stone  of  the  -vault 
pv^iich  contains  their  relics,  erected  bv 
the  Tammany  S  o  ciety  or  C  ohxmhian 
prxder  ox  t  hs  Gity  of  Newark. The  ground 
for  which  was  bestowed  byjohn.  Jackson. 

"Massaxi  Island,  Season  of  BlossonrY,*. 
Teai*   of  Dis^coTery  the 
of  the  Institution  the  lo^&  of 

American  Independence  the  32*  - 
April  the  6^1808. 

Jacob  "Vundervoort  -n  " 

IWdet  StvyW  I  \Vall-aW. 
Issaenar  Cozzens 

t     1  ^  j    /  Committee, 

rlojbert  -Townsmen d  j 

BeryuiTrriri  "W«atj?onj 

Sfamuel  Cow  drey  s  « 

YriHiaxn^DaviclCa-mpbell  Budder^. 
  ^ 


AULT.  E 


EC 


) 


BY 


CORXKR-STONE    OE    EIRST  \' 

TAMMANY   S(  )CIETY. 
In  this  v  lull  the  remains  of  Hie  prison- ship  martyrs  were  first  interred.  This 
corner-stone  is  placed  above  the  door  of  the  crypl  of  the  present  monument. 


©Atrial  dmtfcntr  Sriiiratum  of  tljr  prison         martyrs*  iffliutumrnt. 


spite  temptation  held  out  by  the  British  officers — temptations  calculated  to 
shake  the  resolution  of  the  strongest  men ;  despite  the  insinuations  of  the 
British  that  they  were  neglected  by  their  own  government — insinuations 
which  seemed  to  be  corroborated  by  the  very  facts  of  their  condition  ;  in  de- 
fiance of  threats  of  even  harsher  treatment,  and  regardless  of  promises  of 
food  and  clothing — objects  most  tempting  to  men  in  their  condition;  despite 
all  this,  few  comparatively  sought  relief  from  their  woes  by  the  betrayal  of 
their  honor.  And  these  few  went  forth  into  liberty  followed  by  the  execra- 
tions and  undisguised  contempt  of  the  suffering  heroes  whom  they  left  be- 
hind. It  was  this  calm,  unfaltering,  unconquerable  SPIRIT  OF  PATRIOT- 
ISM— defying  torture,  starvation,  loathsome  disease,  and  the  prospect  of  a 
neglected  and  forgotten  grave  which  sanctifies  for  every  American  heart  the 
scene  of  their  suffering  in  the  Wallabout,  and  which  will  render  the  sad 
story  of  the  "prison  ships"  one  of  ever-increasing  interest  to  all  future  gen- 
erations. It  has  been  finely  said  that  "They  preferred  to  die  rather  than  in- 
jure the  Republic."  Captain  Coffin  asserts  that  he  never  knew  of  but  one  who 
yielded  to  the  temptation  of  gaining  freedom  by  betraying  the  cause  of  their 
country. 

The  cruel  insinuations  about  their  Government  neglecting  them  at 
length  induced  the  prisoners  on  board  the  Jersey  to  send  a  petition  to  Gen- 
eral Clinton,  the  British  general  in  command  of  New  York,  praying  for  per- 
mission to  transmit  a  memorial  to  General  Washington  describing  their  piti- 
able condition,  and  soliciting  his  influence  in  their  behalf.  The  favor  was  un- 
expectedly granted  by  the  British  general,  and  three  messengers,  chosen  by 
the  crew  from  among  their  own  number,  were  authorized  to  leave  the  ship  on 
this  embassy.  In  addition  to  the  written  memorial  which  they  bore,  they 
were  directed  to  state,  in  a  manner  more  explicit  that  they  dared  to  commit 
to  paper,  the  peculiar  horror  of  their  situation,  the  miserable  food  and  water 
on  which  they  were  obliged  to  subsist;  and  to  promise  him  that  if  their  re- 
lease could  be  procured,  they  would  gladly  enter  the  American  army  and 
serve  during  the  remainder  of  the  war  as  soldiers.  This  memorial  was  sent 
in  June,  1782.  It  appealed  strongly  to  the  sympathetic  heart  of  Washington, 
who  lost  no  time  in  answering  it.  A  few  days  after  the  prisoners  were  sum- 
moned to  the  spar-deck  to  listen  to  the  reading  of  General  Washington's  reply, 
in  which  he  expressed  his  deepest  sympathy  with  their  condition,  and  his  deter- 
mination to  mitigate  its  severities  by  every  means  within  his  power.  To  the 
messengers  personally  he  had  fully  explained  that  their  long  detention  in 
captivity  was  owing  to  a  combination  of  circumstances  against  which  it  was 
very  difficult,  if  not  impossible,  to  provide.  In  the  first  place,  but  little  ex- 
ertion was  made  on  the  part  of  the  Americans  to  secure  and  detain  their  Brit- 
ish prisoners,  for  the  purpose  of  exchange.  Many  of  the  British  seamen  cap- 
tured by  privateers  had,  he  understood,  joined  the  crew  of  the  privateers,  and 
that,  when  this  was  not  done,  the  local  authorities  in  the  places  where  the 
prisoners  were  landed  refused  to  bear  the  cost  of  housing  and  feeding  them, 
and  consequently  they  were  set  free.  "The  general  Government,"  added 
Washington,  "only  took  charge  of  those  seamen  who  were  captured  by  the 
vessels  in  public  service.  All  these  circumstances  combined  to  render  the 
number  of  British  prisoners  at  all  times  too  small  for  a  regular  and  equal  ex- 
change." The  whole  correspondence  between  the  American  and  British  au- 
thorities, relative  to  the  condition  of  the  American  prisoners  in  the  hulks,  will 
be  found  in  Dawson's  Dring  (Appendix  L).  From  these  letters  it  will  be 
seen  that  Washington  had  not  been  unmindful  of  the  sufferings  of  his  un- 


©flftrial  Sumbruir  Srntratimt  of  tljr  Jlrisuu  ^hiu  martyrs'  ittmutmrnt. 


Photographed  by  E.  F.  Foley,  from  an  old  print  In  the  Long  Island  Historical  Society. 

THE  FIRST  MONUMENT. 


(iffuial  ^nulirntr  Miration  of  thr  tfrtaim  S>lny  martyrs'  fHmutmrnt. 


fortunate  countrymen,  his  first  letter  to  the  British  authorities  being  dated 
January  25,  1781  ;  but  his  authority  in  the  premises  was  limited,  the  real  power 
to  negotiate  for  the  exchange  of  naval  prisoners  being  vested,  not  in  him,  but 
in  the  Financier  of  the  American  Government.  Exchanges  between  the  bel- 
ligerents were  to  be  made  in  kind  ;  and  owing,  as  above  stated,  to  the  course 
pursued  by  those  engaged  in  privateering  in  releasing  captives  without  parole, 
or  enlisting  them  in  the  American  service,  our  Government  had  but  few  naval 
prisoners  to  offer;  while,  to  accept  the  enemy's  offer  to  receive  soldiers  in  ex- 
change, would,  by  furnishing  the  enemy  immediate  re-enforcements  in  the 
field,  have  been  subversive  of  the  interests  of  the  United  States. 

Memories  which  will  ever  be  associated  with  the  Jersey  lend  a  grue- 
some interest  to  her  final  fate.  At  the  expiration  of  the  war,  the  prisoners 
remaining  on  board  the  "Old  Jersey"  were  liberated,  and  the  old  hulk,  in 
whose  "putrefactive  bowels"  so  many  had  suffered  and  died,  was  abandoned 
where  she  lay.  The  dread  of  contagion  prevented  all  from  venturing  on  board, 
and  even  from  approaching  her  polluted  frame.  But  the  ministers  of  destruc- 
tion were  at  work.  Her  planks  were  soon  filled  with  worms,  who,  as  if  sent 
to  remove  this  disgrace  to  the  name  of  our  common  humanity,  ceased  not 
from  their  labor,  until  they  had  penetrated  through  her  decaying  bottom, 
through  which  the  waters  rushed  in  sucking  down  to  a  slimy  grave  a  hulk 
the  name  of  which  will  ever  live  in  American  history  as  a  synonym  of  the 
inhuman  brutality  inflicted  upon  men  who  offered  up  their  young  lives  in  the 
service  of  their  country. 

Years  after  the  Jersey  sank  beneath  the  waters  of  the  East  River,  the 
bleached  bones  of  her  victims,  strewn  along  the  shores  of  the  Wallabout,  were 
mute  witnesses  of  the  horrors  enacted  between  her  decks.  In  1803  the  Tam- 
many Society,  actuated  by  the  patriotic  spirit  which  has  ever  made  it  con- 
spicuous in  the  celebration  of  the  4th  of  July,  took  the  initiative  in  the  work 
of  procuring  a  becoming  sepulchre  for  the  remains  of  the  Prison  Ship  Martyrs 
who  died  that  the  Nation  might  live.  An  eloquent  memorial  was  prepared 
and  presented  to  the  National  House  of  Representatives,  then  in  session  in 
Washington.  Nothing,  however,  came  of  this  memorial.  Five  years  later, 
on  February  1st,  1808,  the  Tammany  Society  made  a  second  and  more  suc- 
cessful attempt  to  arouse  the  country  to  a  sense  of  what  was  due  to  the  mem- 
ory of  the  martyred  dead.  The  society  appointed  a  Wallabout  Committee, 
which  proceeded  to  take  immediate  steps  towards  effecting  the  long-talked-of 
and  long-neglected  burial  of  the  remains,  of  which  upwards  of  thirteen  hogs- 
heads had  been  collected.  They  began  an  extensive  correspondence,  published 
a  stirring  appeal  in  the  columns  of  the  public  press,  invited  the  cordial  co- 
operation of  their  patriotic  fellow-citizens  in  every  part  of  the  union,  and  in 
various  ways  tried  to  create  interest.  Thanks  to  these  energetic  measures, 
the  Nation,  moved  by  the  memories  clustering  round  the  martyrs'  graves 
amidst  the  sandhills  of  the  Wallabout,  took  up  the  work  of  providing  for  these 
sacred  remains  a  place  of  final  deposit.  So  generous  and  effective  were  the 
responses  to  the  appeal  of  the  Wallabout  Committee  that  they  commenced  the  ' 
building  of  the  vault  at  an  earlier  date  than  they  originally  intended. 

On  Wednesday,  April  13th,  1808,  the  cornerstone  was  laid  with  im- 
posing ceremonies  which  were  preceded  by  a  military  and  civil  procession 
which  formed  at  Fulton  street,  Brooklyn,  and  marched  to  the  vault  on  Jack- 
son street,  adjoining  the  Navy  Yard.  Benjamin  Romaine,  Grand  Sachem  of 
Tammany,  assisted  by  the  Wallabout  Committee,  laid  the  cornerstone  of  the 
vault  upon  which  was  placed  the  following  inscription: 


©Atrial  £>uuhrmr  SrMratum  of  tljr  $riaim  fHartyrs'  iflmutmcnt. 


©fluid  gwthrnir  Sriiiratiim  nf  tbr  prison  Ship  ittartyra'  iHmuuunit. 


IN  THE  NAME  OF  THE  SPIRITS  OF  THE  DEPARTED  FREE. 

Sacred  to  the  memory  of  that  portion  of  American  Seamen, 
Soldiers  and  Citizens,  who  perished  in  the  cause  of  Liberty  and  their 
Country  on  board  the  prison-ships  of  the  British  (during  the  revolu- 
tionary war)  at  the  Wallabout. 

This  is  the  cornerstone  of  the  vault  which  contains  their  relics, 
erected  by  the  Tammany  Society  or  Columbian  Order  of  the  City  of 
New  York.  The  ground  for  which  was  bestowed  by  John  Jackson, 
Nassau  Island,  Season  of  Blossoms.  Year  of  Discovery  the  316th, 
of  the  Institution  the  19th.  and  of  American  Independence  the  32nd, 
April  the  6th,  1808. 

Jacob  Vandervoort, 
John  Jackson, 

Burdet  Stryker,  Wallabout 
Issachar  Cozzens,  Committee. 
Robert  Townsend, 
Benjamin  Watson, 
Samuel  Cowdrey, 
William  and  David  Campbell,  Builders. 

The  original  stone  bearing  the  foregoing  inscription  has  been  placed 
above  the  door  of  the  vault  which  is  in  the  center  of  the  second  terrace  ap- 
proaching the  Monument. 

The  ceremony  was  concluded  with  the  firing  of  National  salutes  by  the 
marine  corps  and  the  artillery,  and  solemn  music  by  the  bands.  Then,  before 
the  procession  and  some  two  thousand  citizens  gathered  in  a  circle  around 
the  door  of  the  vault,  Joseph  D.  Fay,  Esq.,  a  member  of  Tammany,  pro- 
nounced a  brilliant  and  eloquent  oration  over  "the  tomb  of  the  patriots."  At 
the  conclusion  of  his  address  the  procession  returned  to  the  place  of  rendez- 
vous at  the  ferry,  where  they  formed  a  circle  around  the  liberty  pole,  near  the 
market,  gave  three  cheers,  and  dispersed  to  their  homes. 

Almost  two  months  later  the  Tammany  Society  made  another  and  still 
more  striking  demonstration  in  honor  of  the  martyred  dead.  When  the  vault 
was  finished  the  remains  were  removed  to  it  on  the  26th  day  of  May,  1808. 
New  York  and  Brooklyn  on  that  May  day  one  hundred  years  ago  witnessed 
a  military  and  civic  pageant,  which,  for  splendor  and  impressiveness,  far  sur- 
passed anything  these  two  places  had  seen  up  to  that  time.  It  was  estimated 
at  the  time  that  thirty  thousand  persons  crowded  the  streets  to  watch  the  great 
procession  as  it  passed  on  its  way  to  the  place  where  the  remains  of  the 
Prison  Ship  Martyrs  were  to  be  interred.  As  soon  as  the  morning  guns  had 
ceased  to  fire,  the  reveille  was  sounded  from  all  the  different  military  posts 
in  the  city;  at  all  public  places,  at  all  military  posts  and  on  all  vessels  (ex- 
cepting the  British),  were  displayed  the  American  flag  and  other  flags  of  dif- 
ferent nations  at  half  mast. 

At  10:00  o'clock,  under  the  command  of  Generals  Morton  and  Steddi- 
ford,  all  the  military,  citizens  and  societies,  under  the  direction  of  Garret 
Sickles,  Grand  Marshal  of  the  day,  formed  in  procession  on  Broadway,  then 
moved  forward  in  the  following  order : 

"I.  A  trumpeter,  mounted  on  a  black  horse  dressed  in  character  (black- 
relieved  with  red),  in  his  right  hand  a  trumpet  to  which  was  suspended  a 


©ffirial  gwtbrnir  Drbirattun  of  lljr  Priam  i>liip  iHartnrs'  iflmutmrnt. 


black  silk  flag  edged  with  red  and  biack  crepe  on  which  appeared  the  follow- 
ing motto  in  letters  of  gold : 

"MORTALS— A  VAUNT." 
1 1,500 

SPIRIT  OF  THE  MARTYRED  BRAVE, 

Approach  the  Tomb  of  Honor,  of  Glory,  of  Virtuous  Patriotism! 

"II.  Colonel  Vanzandt,  Chief  Herald,  in  full  military  dress,  mounted  on 
a  white  horse,  richly  caparisoned,  bearing  the  staff  and  cap  of  liberty,  to  which 
was  suspended  a  blue  silk  shield,  edged  with  red  and  black  crepe;  the  field 
covered  with  thirteen  stars  in  gold,  emblematic  of  the  original  American  con- 
stellation. 

"III.  Major  Aycrigg  and  Captain  Coffin  acted  as  aides  to  the  Chief 
Herald,  in  plain  black  dress,  wearing  feather  and  red  sashes,  the  horses  and 
company  uniform,  each  carrying  a  flag  of  the  American  stripes  trimmed  with 
crepe. 

"IV.  An  escort  of  horsemen  (preceded  by  a  trumpeter)  under  the 
command  of  Major  Warner. 

"V.  A  detachment  of  Field  Artillery  under  the  command  of  Captain 
Buckmaster. 

"VI.  Brigadier  General  Morton,  accompanied  by  his  aides,  commanded 
the  first  Grand  Division  of  the  Military,  composed  of  Artilleryites  with  small 
arms,  colors,  bands  of  music,  drums  and  fifes;  they  marched  reversed  arms, 
being  the  custom  of  all  funeral  occasions. 

'A  ll.  Brigadier  General  Steddiford,  accompanied  by  his  aides,  com- 
manded the  second  Grand  Division,  composed  of  various  bodies  of  infantry, 
each  corps  under  the  particular  charge  of  its  own  commandant :  their  noble 
and  truly  soldierly  conduct  on  so  solemn  an  occasion  merited  the  affection 
and  esteem  of  their  fellow  citizens,  especially  Captain  Commandant  Mc- 
Clure's  corps,  the  Republican  Greens,  which  appeared  more  brilliant  and  nu- 
merous than  on  any  former  occasion,  their  band  being  the  first  to  perform  the 
Grand  Wallabout  Dead  March;  a  detachment  of  artillery  and  a  squadron  of 
horsemen  brought  up  the  rear  of  this  division. 

"VIII.  A  band  of  music,  occasionally  performing  the  Grand  Wall- 
about March,  the  instruments  all  relieved  with  red  and  black  crepe. 

"IX.  This  place  was  intended  for  the  Society  of  the  Cincinnati — time 
having  reduced  this  veteran  band  to  a  very  small  number,  all  who  attended 
were  distributed  among  the  military  and  other  honorable  bodies  in  which  they 
held  station. 

"X.  The  Grand  Marshal,  Garret  Sickles,  appropriately  dressed  with 
feathers  and  sash,  bearing  a  truncheon  in  his  hand,  accompanied  by  four  aides. 

"XT.  The  Clergy,  in  their  customary  order.  The  Rev.  Air.  Townly  and 
the  Rev.  Mr.  Williston  were  the  only  two  of  that  respectable  body  who  ap- 
peared with  the  procession  in  the  City  of  Brooklyn.  They  were  joined  bv  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Striper  and  the  Rev.  Mr.  Van  Nest,  of  New  Jersey. 

"XT I.  The  Wallabout  Committee,  seven  in  number,  each  bearing  on 
his  hat  the  buck's  tail  as  a  distinguishing  mark  of  their  being  members  of 
Tammany  Society,  dressed  in  black  with  a  broad  red  badge  relieved  with 
crepe. 

"XIII.  Tammany  Society  or  Columbian  Order  and  thirteen  coffins 
filled  with  the  bones  of  the  immolated  patriots;  the  following  is  the  order  in 
which  the  Society  marched: 


©Atrial  &aubmit  UnMratum  of  tl?r  ftruum  &Ifip  iHartyrs*  MatmmttXt. 


"ist.    The  cap  of  liberty,  shrouded  in  crepe,  carried  by  the  Wiskinkie. 

"2d.  The  Great  Standard  of  the  Society,  supported  by  the  Sagamore 
and  his  two  Masters  of  Ceremonies.  The  Standard  is  of  an  oval  form  ;  it  shows 
the  Arms  of  the  United  States  emblazoned  on  both  sides;  a  margin  of  eight 
inches  round  it  exhibits  to  view  the  thirteen  animals  by  which  each  tribe  is 
represented;  the  outer  edge  is  decorated  with  a  profusion  of  elegant  feathers, 
in  the  Mexican  style;  it  is  suspended  to  a  start  on  the  top  of  which  is  a  large 
plume  of  feathers — the  whole  was  overhung  with  crepe.  The  Masters  of 
Ceremonies,  one  on  each  side  the  Sagamore,  held  by  a  tassel  the  end  of  a 
silken  label,  on  which  was  written  in  golden  letters: 

"Tammany  Society  or  Columbian  Order!" 

"3d.  The  Grand  Sachem  wearing  the  badge  of  his  office.  This  badge 
is  a  silver  chain  composed  of  thirteen  links,  within  each  link  is  a  star ;  a  gold 
medal  is  suspended  from  it,  on  which  appears  the  flame  of  liberty  dedicated 
to  freedom;  its  motto,  "Preserve  by  Concord."  The  Grand  Sachem  was  sup- 
ported by  the  Treasurer  on  his  right,  carrying  Wampum,  and  the  Secretary 
on  his  left,  carrying  the  Journals  of  the  Society. 

"4th.    The  Orator  in  plain  black  dress. 

"5th.  Father  of  the  Council,  swaying  the  calumet;  on  his  right  the 
Scribe,  carrying  the  Constitution,  and  on  his  left  the  Counsellor,  carrying 
the  book  of  laws. 

"6th.    The  Sachem  of  the  New  York  Tribe. 

"7th.  The  standard  bearer,  carrying  a  banner,  showing  the  arms  of  the 
State  on  one  side  and  a  star  on  the  other,  suspended  to  a  staff,  surmounted 
with  the  Cap  of  Liberty,  all  covered  with  black. 

"8th.    The  Tribe  Hunter. 

"9th.  The  body  of  the  Tribe  in  two  lines,  having  a  space  of  fourteen 
feet  between  them  ;  within  this  area  the  first  coffin  was  borne  on  men's  should- 
ers, over  which  appeared  the  American  flag:  this  invaluable  relic  is  the  identi- 
cal flag  which  first  waved  in  triumph  on  the  Battery,  in  place  of  the  one 
which  the  British  left  flying  on  the  ever  memorial  25th  of  November,  1783; 
this  day  the  immortal  Washington  entered  the  city  at  the  head  of  his  war- 
worn and  almost  exhausted  but  virtuous  army  and  the  British  turned  their 
faces  towards  the  East,  leaving  us  at  peace,  free  and  independent. 

"10th.  One  and  four  Revolutionary  characters,  eight  to  each  coffin,  as- 
sisted as  pallbearers;  of  these  the  Honorable  Samuel  Osgood  and  the  Hon- 
orable Henry  Rutgers  were  stationed  in  front,  on  the  right  and  left  of  the 
first  coffin.  Each  of  the  pallbearers  wore  a  large  white  scarf  relieved  with 
crepe.    The  Alank,  or  Clerk,  brought  up  the  rear  of  the  third  tribe. 

"The  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  Connecticut,  New 
Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  Delaware,  Maryland,  Virginia,  North  Carolina,  South 
Carolina  and  Georgia  tribes  following,  each  attending  a  coffin  and  marching 
in  the  same  order. 

'Oh,  Americans!  here  make  a  solemn  pause!  these  thirteen  small  re- 
ceptacles now  contain  the  lemains  of  our  country's  virtuous  martyred  sons, 
ye  sires,  ye  matrons,  ye  youths  of  America— remember  the  suffering  thev  en- 
dured— indent  them  on  the  rocks — cat  them  on  the  trees — write  them  in  in- 
delible ink  and  impress  them  on  the  minds  of  your  offspring,  that  they  may 
be  remembered  while  our  country  bears  the  name  of  free.' 

"XIV.    Music  performing  the  dead  march  of  the  martyrs. 

"XV.  The  Grand  National  Pedestal.  This  sublime  spectacle  consisted 
of  an  oblong  square  stage  erected  on  a  large  truck,  the  margin  of  which  rep- 


GMrial  *mtbrmr  Sriiratiou  nf  tltr  prison  ^biu  iHartyrs'  ifflmuutmtt. 

resented  an  iron  railing,  below  which  dropped  a  deep  festoon  that  covered  the 
wheels;  a  pedestal  representing  black  marble,  eight  feet  long,  six  feet  high 
and  four  feet  wide,  stood  on  the  stage.  On  the  four  panels  or  tablets  were 
the  following  inscriptions: 

(Front) 

AMERICANS!    REMEMBER  THE  BRITISH. 
(Right  side) 

YOUTH  OF  MY  COUNTRY !    MARTYRDOM  PREFER  TO  SLAVERY. 

(Left  side) 

SIRES  OF  COLUMBIA!    TRANSMIT  TO  POSTERITY  THE  CRUEL- 
TIES PRACTISED  ON  BOARD  THE  BRITISH  PRISON  SHIPS. 

(Rear) 

TYRANTS  DREAD  THE  GATHERING  STORM 

WHILE  FREEMEN,  FREEMEN'S  OBSEQUIES  PERFORM. 

"On  the  top  of  the  pedestal  was  displayed  a  superb  blue  silk  flag,  eigh- 
teen feet  by  thirteen,  on  which  were  emblazoned,  in  the  most  superior  style, 
the  arms  of  the  United  States ;  on  the  top  of  the  staff,  eighteen  feet  high,  was 
a  globe  on  which  sat  the  American  Bald  Eagle  enveloped  in  a  cloud  of  black 
crepe — the  noble  eagle  seemed  to  mourn! 

"XVI.  Neptune's  hardy  sons,  the  American  Tars,  next  followed,  up- 
wards of  three  hundred  in  number,  in  divisions  of  fifty  headed  by  an  officer, 
two  abreast.  The  American  flag,  half  masted,  appeared  at  the  head  of  each 
division;  the  sailors  were  dressed  in  blue  jackets,  white  trousers  and  round 
hats,  wearing  a  crepe  band  around  the  hat  and  left  arm.  These  brave  re- 
publicans of  the  ocean  to  the  reflective  mind  were  a  most  affecting  sight  that 
alone  drew  the  sympathizing  tear  from  every  eye — these  worthy  patriots  were 
inspired  with  one  soul,  they  were  steady  and  true  as  the  needle  to  the  pole ; 
the  most  exact  order  and  the  greatest  harmony  were  observed  in  their  ranks. 

"XVII.  The  municipal  officers  and  citizens  of  the  town  of  Brooklyn — 
this  division  (Walter  Berry,  Theodorus  Polhemus  and  Jeremiah  Johnson,  trus- 
tees and  commissioners  of  the  town  of  Brooklyn) — the  artillery  under  Lieu- 
tenant Martin  Boerum  (the  13th  Regiment  New  York  Artillery)  took  their 
stations  agreeable  to  the  rules  of  war. 

"XVII  I.  The  Honorable  Corporation  of  the  City  of  New  York  next  ap- 
peared in  this  grand,  solemn  scene — the  Honorable  De  Witt  Clinton,  Mavor 
of  the  City,  accompanied  by  the  Recorder  and  most  of  the  Aldermen  and  As- 
sistant Aldermen,  and  the  officers  attached  to  their  body. 

"XIX.  His  Excellency,  Daniel  D.  Tompkins,  Governor  of  the  State, 
his  aide  and  lieutenant  with  the  Honorable  John  Broome,  Lieut.-Goveraor, 
members  of  Congress,  members  of  the  Legislature,  diplomatic  and  other  char- 
acters of  distinction,  including  naval  and  military  officers  from  various  ports 
of  the  United  States  and  from  foreign  countries. 

"XX.  The  Mechanic  Society  of  the  City  of  New  York  headed  by  their 
president  and  other  officers. 

"XXI.  The  Shipwrights  in  their  customary  order  preceded  by  their 
president  attended  by  the  sub-officers,  exhibiting  a  beautiful  standard  display- 
ing the  arms  of  their  institution,  all  appropriately  dressed  in  crepe.  Among 
this  invaluable  bodv  of  citizens  were  seen  some  living  witnesses  of  THE  TEN- 
DER MERCIES  (')E  Til  E  BRITISH. 


©Atrial  ftanferair  irhiratinu  of  tljr  ftrisim  M]i\>  iWarturn'  iHmutmrnt. 


"XXII.  Hibernia's  sons,  noble,  generous,  brave,  the  patriotic  and  char- 
itable institution — the  Hibernian  Providence  Society,  with  unaffected  and 
deepfelt  grief,  here  passed  along,  the  president  and  other  officers  in  their 
proper  stations.  The  whole  body  wore  the  badge  of  their  society  with  crepe 
on  the  left  arm.  Their  elegant  standard,  which  shows  the  arms  of  the  insti- 
tution and  the  country,  with  appropriate  banners  being  properly  enshrouded 
in  mourning.  Here  were  beheld  hundreds  of  Erin's  persecuted  sons;  here 
were  seen  sons  whose  father's  bones  were  as  yet  untombed,  and  brothers  to 
the  yet  unburied  martyred  brave ;  here  were  seen  a  band  of  patriots,  many  of 
whom  might  say,  "THERE  PERISHED  MY  FATHER  BY  CRUEL  FAM- 
INE! THERE  MY  WOUNDED  FRIEND,  BY  THE  BAYONET 
PLUNGE!  THERE  MY  SICK,  MY  DYING  BROTHER,  DEVOURED 
IN  THE  FLAMES  OF  THE  STROMBOLI,  IN  ATTEMPTING  IN  VAIN 
TO  SEEK  A  WATERY  GRAVE." 

"XXIII.  The  Society  of  Coopers  in  their  usual  order  wearing  the  oak 
leaf  in  their  hats. 

"XXIV.  In  regular  succession  follow  the  Society  of  Masons  with  crepe 
on  their  arms,  each  wearing  the  medal  or  badge  of  the  institution.  They 
were  numerous  and  respectful,  headed  by  their  president,  the  arms  of  their 
society  were  displayed  and  an  elegant  flag  trimmed  with  black. 

"XXV.    The  Ancient  Order  of  Tailors  next  advanced. 

"XXVI.  The  Hatters  Society  followed,  the  standard  and  banner  of 
this  society  were  all  appropriately  in  mourning. 

"XXVII.  The  last  of  the  societies  was  the  Concord,  each  member  car- 
rying a  green  branch  in  his  hand  and  wearing  a  band  of  crepe  on  his  left  arm. 

"XXVIII.    Music,  grand  and  solemn. 

"XXIX.    The  citizens  of  all  classes. 

"XXX.    The  military  officers  off  duty — a  few  of  the  remaining  war- 
worn veterans  of  the  Revolution  were  here  seen. 
"XXXI.    A  detachment  of  field  artillery. 

"XXXII.    This  splendid  procession  was  closed  by  a  troop  of  horsemen." 

The  procession,  after  passing  through  various  streets,  reached  the  East 
River,  where,  at  different  places,  boats  had  been  placed  for  crossing  to  Brook- 
lyn. Thirteen  large  boats  transported  the  thirteen  tribes  of  the  Tammany 
Society,  each  containing  one  tribe,  one  coffin  and  the  pallbearers.  The  Grand 
Sachem,  Father  of  the  Council,  accompanied  by  the  Chief  Herald,  his  aides  and 
the  Trumpeter,  led  the  van,  the  boats  following  in  order.  The  waters  of  the 
East  River  foamed  beneath  the  oars  of  a  thousand  boats  and  on  all  sides  a 
hundred  vessels  swelled  to  the  breeze. 

At  Brooklyn  Ferry  the  procession  was  reformed  and  marched  to  the 
vault  where  a  stage,  trimmed  in  black  crepe,  had  been  erected  for  the  orator 
of  the  day.  The  coffins  were  placed  in  front  and  the  pallbearers  took  their 
places  on  the  stage.  The  Tammany  Society  arranged  itself  in  front  of  the 
stage,  citizen  behind  citizen  covered  the  plain  and  the  hill  as  far  as  the  pros- 
pect extended.  A  detachment  of  military  marched  to  the  southeast  bank  of 
the  East  River  with  the  cannon,  from  whence  they  fired  minute-guns  for  some 
time,  and  were  answered  by  the  thunder  of  artillery  from  Corlear's  Hook, 
Fort  Jay,  and  other  military  posts.  As  soon  as  the  firing  ceased  a  solemn 
silence  pervaded  the  multitude,  and  expectation  sat  on  every  countenance. 
The  tomb  was  open  to  receive  the  remains.  The  American  martyrs  were 
about  to  be  honored  with  the  rites  of  sepulture.  Amid  the  impressive  silence 
which  reigned  the  Rev.  Ralph  Williston  addressed  "the  God  of  Battles"  in  "a 


©ffirial  gantbrmr  iUrotratton  of  the  Prison  £>Ijtu  fHartyra'  iHottumrnt. 


most  solemn,  eloquent  and  pious  supplication."  Dr.  Benjamin  De  Witt  then 
delivered  the  funeral  oration,  which  he  had  prepared  at  the  request  of  the 
Tammany  Society,  in  a  style  and  manner  dignified,  pathetic  and  eloquent.  He 
described  the  heroic  fortitude  with  which  the  martyrs  endured  indescribable 
misery,  and  while  the  audience  listened  to  catch  the  relation,  tears  of  sym- 
pathy bedimmed  their  eyes.  It  was  a  solemn  and  sublime  hour.  At  the 
close  of  the  oration  the  coffins  were  deposited  in  the  tomb  and  the  ceremonies 
were  closed  with  the  solemn  benediction,  "To  the  King  Immortal,  Invisible, 
the  All-wise  God,  be  glory  everlasting.  Amen !''  The  procession  then  re- 
turned to  Brooklyn  Ferry.  Crossing  the  ferry  it  marched  to  City  Hall  Park, 
New  York,  where  it  was  dismissed.  The  magnificent  demonstration  we  have 
just  described,  for  which  the  Tammany  Society  deserves  the  credit,  was  the 
first  public  acknowledgment  of  the  debt  of  gratitude  their  countrymen  owed 
the  heroic  dead  who  sacrificed  their  lives  in  the  holds  of  the  pestilential  prison- 
ships. 

Unfortunately  the  veneration  for  the  memory  of  the  martyrs  displayed 
on  that  May  day  in  1808  was  not  long  lived,  and  consequently  the  vault  into 
which  their  remains  had  been  gathered  became  neglected  in  the  course  of 
time.  Its  walls  were  infringed  on  by  an  alteration  of  the  grade  of  Jackson 
street  (now  Hudson  avenue)  and  a  few  years  later  the  very  lot  on  which  the 
vault  stood  was  sold  for  taxes.  It  was  not  until  the  year  1852  that  the  citi- 
zens of  Brooklyn  began  to  realize  thoroughly  the  nature  of  the  base  ingrati- 
tude displayed  by  allowing  the  vault  containing  the  bones  of  the  martyrs  to 
fall  into  a  dilapidated  state.  In  the  year  mentioned  a  public  meeting  was 
held  at  which  the  following  resolution  was  adopted:  "BE  IT  RESOLVED, 
That  the  time  has  arrived  when  the  cities  of  New  York  and  Brooklyn  cannot, 
without  criminality,  longer  delay  the  necessary  efforts  for  rearing  a  monu- 
ment to  the  Martyrs  of  the  Prison  Ships."  An  organization  was  formed,  en- 
titled the  "Martvrs  Monument  Association,"  in  which  each  Senatorial  district 


MARTYRS'  TOMB   AT    EORT   GREENE,    1873  TO  1908. 


Affinal  ^ouuruir  Srdiratum  of  tl)?  $Jrisou  ^hio  UHartgrfi'  iflouumntt. 


of  New  York  and  each  State  and  Territory  in  the  Union  was  represented. 
They  set  to  work,  selected  a  site  on  Fort  Green,  secured  plans  for  a  p">Oi:u- 
ment  and  began  soliciting  donations. 

Again  enthusiasm  died  down,  as  it  did  after  the  magnificent  demon- 
stration of  1808,  and  two  decades  were  to  come  and  go  before  any  real  work 
would  be  accomplished.  In  1873  a  lot  on  Fort  Greene,  which  had  been  granted 
to  the  "Martyrs  Memorial  Association,"  was  utilized.  By  that  time  the  vault 
on  Hudson  avenue,  which  had  been  erected  sixty-five  years  before  through 
the  efforts  of  the  Tammany  Society,  had  become  so  dilapidated  from  neglect 
that  the  remains  were  in  an  exposed  state.  Many  of  the  old  coffins  were 
broken  or  defaced.  Twenty-two  new  boxes  were  procured  in  which  the  old 
coffins  were  placed  and  all  that  remained  of  the  mortal  part  of  the  11,000 
prison  ship  martyrs  were  removed  on  the  17th  day  of  June,  1873,  to  a  brick 
vault  constructed  in  Fort  Greene.  The  removal  was  in  striking  contrast  with 
the  magnificent  civic  and  military  display  which  took  place  in  1808,  as  de- 
scribed above,  when  the  old  vault  in  Hudson  avenue  first  received  all  that 
remained  of  the  heroes  who  suffered  untold  tortures  and  died  rather  than 
prove  false  to  the  cause  of  American  freedom. 

Thirty-five  years  ago,  when  the  final  interment  of  the  martyrs'  remains 
were  made  in  Fort  Greene,  scarcely  a  reference  to  the  fact  was  made  in  the 
daily  press  of  Brooklyn  and  New  York. 

On  June  6,  1902,  a  resolution  was  reported  to  the  National  House  of 
Representatives  appropriating  the  sum  of  $100,000  for  the  erection  of  a  mon- 
ument to  the  memory  of  the  Prison  Ship  Martyrs  in  Fort  Greene,  in  the  Bor- 
ough of  Brooklyn.  The  resolution  provided  that  the  sum  should  not  be  pay- 
able until  there  should  be  raised  by  private  subscriptions  and  by  appropria- 
tions made  by  the  State  of  New  York  and  the  City  of  New  York  sums  aggre- 
gating an  additional  $100,000.  The  sum  of  $25,000  was  raised  by  private  sub- 
scriptions, more  than  half  of  which  was  paid  to  "The  Prison  Ship  Martyrs' 
Association."  In  1900  the  government  of  the  State  of  New  York  authorized 
the  appropriation  by  the  State  of  $25,000  and  the  City  of  New  York  of  S50,- 
000  as  a  contribution  toward  the  erection  of  the  monument  provided  for  in 
the  resolution  of  the  National  House  of  Representatives  to  which  we  have 
already  referred. 

In  the  very  year  that  Congress  granted  this,  appropriation  was  made, 
workmen  engaged  in  digging  foundations  for  the  extension  of  the  plane  of 
the  Brooklyn  Navy  Yard,  dug  up  more  than  100  skeletons  from  their  beds  in 
the  tunnels  where  they  had  lain  for  one  hundred  and  twenty  years.  The 
Prison  Ship  Martyrs'  Monument  Association  took  charge  of  the  bones  and 
gave  them  a  public  burial  on  June  16,  1900.  This  time  all  due  honor  was 
shown  to  the  memory  of  the  martyred  dead.  Impressive  services  were  held 
at  Fort  Greene,  at  which  the  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  Rear  Admiral  Phillip  and 
the  Hon.  Stewart  L.  Woodford  spoke.  The  eight  large  boxes  containing  the 
recently  discovered  skeletons  were  lowered  into  the  Fort  Greene  vault  whilst 
round  after  round  of  musketry  and  the  impressive  booming  of  cannon  at 
Governor's  Island  gave  outward  evidence  of  the  reverential  respect  in  which 
the  memory  of  the  Prison  Ship  Martyrs  is  still  held. 

The  vast  amount  of  labor  and  effort  required  to  bring  about  the  proper 
memorialization  of  the  Prison  Ship  Martyrs  and  the  real  univcrsalitv  of  the 
appeal  for  the  erection  of  the  memorial  monument,  when  once  the  matter  was 
brought  before  the  attention  of  a  busy  world,  are  well  set  forth  in  the  address 
delivered  by  Hon.  S.  V.  White,  president  of  the  Prison  Ship  Martyrs'  Moim- 


©ffirial  *mihrmr  Sr&iratuut  of  tljr  $rtsim  £>l}ip  iKartyrs'  ManumsnL 

ment  Association  at  the  laying  of  the  cornerstone  on  October  26,  1907.  The 
spirit  of  patriotism  and  of  affection  displayed  by  several  patriotic  societies  and 
notably,  at  the  last  instance,  by  the  Tammany  Society,  is  well  shown  in  Mr. 
White's  address,  from  which  this  excerpt  is  taken  : 

"It  was  my  humble  privilege  to  serve  in  Congress  from  December,  1887, 
until  March,  1889.  Readers  of  the  Brooklyn  papers  had  for  several  years  been 
made  familiar  with  the  efforts  of  the  Society  of  Old  Brooklynitcs  to  induce 
the  Congress  of  the  United  States  to  erect  a  monument  to  these  martyrs. 
Early  in  the  first  term  of  the  Fiftieth  Congress,  the  bill  was  presented  again 
by  my  most  respected  and  beloved  friend,  the  Hon.  Felix  Campbell.  It  was  re- 
ferred to  the  Committee  on  Libraries,  and  according  to  routine  usages,  was 
promptly  reported  back  with  a  favorable  recommendation  for  an  appropriation 
of  $100,000.  At  odd  spells  in  that  Congress,  as  well  as  in  preceding  ones,  there 
were  sporadic  scintillations  of  patriotic  fire,  always  carried  on  when  there 
wasn't  a  quorum  in  the  House,  and  after  many  speeches  in  its  favor,  upon  the 
question  of  unanimous  consent  for  its  passage,  there  was  always  some  object- 
ing watch-dog  of  the  Treasury  to  defeat  it  by  a  single  objection. 

"There  was  constantly  much  discussion  over  raising  private  funds  in 
Brooklyn  and  in  New  York  to  build  this  monument.  There  were  those  of  us 
who  saw  two  things — one  was  that  the  amount  to  be  raised  was  bigger  than 
could  be  raised  by  popular  subscription  without  disgraceful  delay.  The  other 
was  that  the  sentiment  of  the  States,  south,  southwest,  west,  and  northwest, 
was  not  in  favor  of  wholly  paying  out  of  the  public  treasury  for  any  monu- 
ment which  might  beautify  the  parks  of  Brooklyn  or  New  York.  It  was  be- 
lieved by  some,  in  which  belief  I  shared,  that  the  Congress  would  gladly  vote 
for  the  Government  to  pay  a  moiety  of  the  cost  of  a  suitable  monument,  and 
to  that  end,  after  consultation  with  others,  I  bent  my  energies  to  procure 
$100,000  in  the  following  method :  To  secure  an  appropriation  of  $25,000  from 
the  State  of  New  York;  $50,000  more  from  the  City  of  New  York;  and  $25,000 
by  private  subscription,  and  basing  the  action  of  the  Federal  government  upon 
these  sums  when  raised,  I  hoped  to  have  a  $200,000  fund  from  which  to  build 
the  monument. 

"The  first  step  was  in  Albany,  and  as  I  did  nut  wish  to  have  the  divided 
judgments  of  a  committee,  I  went  alone  to  try  the  scheme  on.  At  that  time 
the  late  Governor  Higgins  was  a  member  of  the  Senate  Finance  Committee, 
and  I  went  before  him  and  his  colleagues  and  told  my  story.  When  the  nar- 
ration was  completed  our  eyes  were  not  wholly  dry  and  I  received  what  was 
to  me  the  equivalent  of  an  assurance  that  the  committee  would  recommend  the 
appropriation,  which  they  did,  and  in  due  time  it  passed  the  Senate  and  As- 
sembly and  became  a  law. 

"And  in  connection  with  the  name  of  Governor  Higgins  several  coinci- 
dences have  occurred  in  the  course  of  legislation  resulting  in  the  completion 
of  the  fund.  Governor  Higgins  was  Senator  when  the  matter  was  presented 
first  to  the  committee  of  which  he  was  a  member.  He  was  Governor  when 
the  first  action  was  taken  by  the  Building  Commission,  and  he  caused  the 
prompt  payment  of  the  $25,000  to  such  Commission.  Theodore  Roosevelt 
was  Governor  when  the  State  bills  passed,  and  he  signed  them  as  Governor, 
giving  them  efficacy  as  law.  Theodore  Roosevelt  was  President  when  Con- 
gress passed  the  $100,000  appropriation,  and  he  also  signed  that  law.  George 
B.  McClellan  was  chairman  of  the  snb-committee  of  the  Library  Committee 
in  the  House  of  Representatives  when  the  bill  was  passed  there,  and  having 
reported  it  favorably,  he  had  charge  of  the  bill  011  its  passage,  when  it  came 


(Dfiirial  *iutltruir  Sriiiratinn  nf  tift  prison         Ulartijra'  ittnnuinrnt. 


up  for  action  and  was  passed,  and  George  B.  McClellan  was  Mayor  and  ex- 
officio  member  of  the  Building  Commission  from  the  time  such  Commission 
got  to  work. 

"Following  the  appropriation  by  the  State,  proper  and  successful  appli- 
cation was  made  for  $50,000  from  the  city.  The  fund,  which  had  been  com- 
menced some  time  before,  to  be  raised  by  private  subscription,  was  about  half 
completed.  After  the  United  States  Congress  had  passed  a  conditional  ap- 
propriation, circulars  were  sent  out  and  numerous  responses  came  from  many 
directions.  The  address  seemed  to  be  scarcely  dry  upon  the  envelope  carry- 
ing the  application  to  General  Thomas  H.  Hubbard  when  a  check  for  $1,000 
was  received  in  response.  The  Society  of  Old  Brooklynites  rallied  and  sent 
a  check  for  $1,000,  which  with  additional  subscriptions,  later  on,  amounted  to 
a  $1,250  gift.  The  Empire  State  Sons  of  the  American  Revolution  gave  $1,000, 
and  promptly  increased  it  to  $1,250.  Fort  Greene  Chapter  of  the  D.  A.  R.  gave 
$1,000  or  more,  and  the  Little  Men  and  Women  of  '76,  O.  A.  R.  gave  $250. 
At  last,  on  the  3d  of  July,  1903,  we  had  $24,000  in  the  fund.  I  hinted  to  mem- 
bers of  the  Tammany  Society  that  they  were  the  fust  in  the  struggle  to  secure 
proper  recognition  of  the  martyrs  patriotism  and  glory,  and  I  wanted  them 
to  vitalize  the  $199,000  by  giving  the  last  $1,000.  The  reply  came,  "Come  to 
Tammany  Hall  to-morrow  and  make  a  statement  of  the  case."  Punctually 
at  12  o'clock  I  was  amid  the  sachems  and  the  braves  of  Tammany.  I  sug- 
gested that  they  could  make  their  glory  complete  by  perfecting  the  work  now 
so  well  in  hand.  The  vote  was  taken  and  $1,000  given,  and  I  carried  their 
check  home  in  my  pocket.  I  should  answer,  there  were  many  co-laborers, 
patriots  all,  who  built  it,  and  that  it  was  true  during  its  building  that  "they 
also  serve  who  only  stand  and  wait." 

The  proceedings  of  to-day  by  which  the  Prison  Ship  Martyrs'  Monument 
is  dedicated,  with  impressive  ceremonies,  and  a  memorial  oration  by  Hon.  Wil- 
liam Howard  Taft,  President-elect  of  the  United  States,  conclude  the  active 
work  which  has  brought  about  the  erection  of  this  monument.  Henceforth, 
a  modicum  of  effort  designed  to  keep  in  proper  repair  and  condition  this  mon- 
ument and  its  immediate  environment  will  constitute  the  chief  work  of  the 
assocation. 

But  no  one  who  sees  this  shaft  uplifting  its  head  to  the  sky  can  fail  to 
realize  that  this  pile  of  stone  is  not  designed  as  a  mere  ornament  to  a  piece  of 
landscape  gardening.  This  monument  is  not  placed  here  to  fill  the  eye  with 
«  sense  of  beauty  and  contrast  with  surroundings.  It  represents,  so  far  as 
cold  stone  may,  the  love,  affection,  the  eternal  gratitude  of  a  free  people,  en- 
joying untold  blessings  of  liberty  and  equality,  wrung  from  a  despotic  gov- 
ernment by  blood,  by  suffering  and  by  treasure.  The  unnamed  dead,  the  un- 
marked graves  that  silently  lie  beneath  the  stars  are  not  recounted  in  biog- 
raphies or  histories  which  stir  the  heart  of  patriotic  youth.  Yet  every  spot 
of  this  free  land  which  shelters  a  martyred  patriot's  stilled  heart  sends  forth 
its  emanations  of  liberty  to  invigorate  the  air  that  freemen  drink.  And  when 
grateful  affection  can  rescue  from  the  tombless  beds  the  remains  of  those  who 
suffered  wounds,  brutality,  starvation  and  cruel  death,  as  did  these  heroes 
whom  this  monument  commemorates,  and  place  the  remnants  of  the  patriot 
dead  beneath  a  memorial  shaft,  the  act  stands  forth  not  alone  as  a  solemn 
duty  that  devolves  upon  them  who  inherit  the  blessings  for  which  these  men 
strove,  but  likewise  does  this  loving  remembrance  recall  to  a  happy  and  pro- 
gressive people,  free  from  war  and  internecine  strife,  the  cares,  the  sufferings, 
the  toil,  the  blood,  by  which  freedom's  blessings  were  nobly  won. 


©Atrial  ^mihruir  Driitratiott  of  the  Prison  g>hip  £llartyrs'  fflotutmrnt. 


H()X.   WILLIAM    HOWARD  TA  IT 

President-Elect  of  the  United  States, 

(  >R.\T(  >R  (  )1;  Till'.  DAN'. 


(fffirial  $mtbruir  fUriiiratum  of  tl|r  ^risnn  i>ljiy  iHarti*ra'  iHnnumrnt. 


Shi 


t  xx  u  m  t  u  i 

^tititrdxtsnt  Qltxzxxxmxxts 

jiVrowgh  of  Brimklvnt 
Cit^t  jxf  ^rpto  Hork 

^  xtittxxxbtx  ix\xx\tt\x 

Committer 

Gen.  HORATIO  C.  KING,  Chairman  Com.  of  Arrangmts. 


Gen.  LUKE  E.  WRIGHT 

Secretary  of  War 

Hon.  CHARLES  E.  HUGHES 
Governor  of  New  York 

Hon.  GEORGE  B.  McCLELLAN 

Mayor  of  New  York  City 


Hon.  S  V.  WHITE 

President  Prison  Ship  Martyrs* 
Monument  Association 

Hon.  STEPHEN  M.  GRISWOLD 

Society  of  Old  Brooklynites 

JOHN  B.  CREIGHTON 

Secretary 


©Atrial  iuuiluniir  Brfifrattatt  of  tljr-  ^riiuut  *hiit  M&vt$t8  iltiuummtt. 


(il'.X.   LUKE   E.   W  KIUMT. 


QDfftrtal  doubruir  ErirtratUw  uf  tljr  $Iriinm  #l?ip-  iflartyru"  i!imnm*nt. 


1.  Music  by  23d  Regiment  Band,  -        -        T.  F.  Shannon,  Leader. 

Closing  with  the  Star  Spangled  Banner,  All  Standing. 

2.  Prayer,      -  Rev.  S.  Parkes  Cadman,  D.  D. 

3.  Poem,    -        -      .-        -        -        -        -        -     Thomas  Walsh. 

4.  Oration,     -  -        -     Hon.  William  H.  Taft. 

5.  Presentation  of  Monument  on  Behalf  of  the  National 

Government  by  the  the  Secretary  of  War,  Hon.  Luke  E.  Wright. 

6.  Acceptance  on  Behalf  of  the  State  by  the  Governor, 

Hon.  Charles  E.  Hughes. 

7.  Acceptance  on  Behalf  of  the  City  by  the  Chairman  of 

the  Board  of  Aldermen,    -        -      Hon.  Patrick  F.  McGowan. 

8.  Address  on  Behalf  of  the  Tammany  Society  or  Colum- 

bian Order,  -        -     Hon.  Daniel  F.  Cohalan,  Grand  Sachem. 

9.  Closing  P.  iver  and  Benediction,    -      Rev.  John  L.  Belford,  D.  D. 

10.    Tribute,  Sai^c  and   Taps,  Union   Prisoners  of  War, 

New  York  Association. 


(§fftriat  ^oulmtir  SpiUratum  of  tljp  Priautt  g>I]ip  Ulartijra'  Ulintumrnt. 


HON.   CHARLES   E.  HUGHES, 

Governor  of  New  York. 


(©ffirtal  &0utmtir  Spbiratuitt  of  tljr  $Jnaun  S^ip  martyrs'  iJJmtumettt. 


TLbc  parabe 

Major  General  Charles  F.  Roe,  Grand  Marshal. 
The  command  will  form  as  follows: 

Brigadier  General  George  Moore  Smith  commanding;  ist  Company, 
Signal  Corps ;  22d  Regiment  Corps  of  Engineers ;  Troops  of  the  9th,  8th  and 
13th  Coast  Artillery  Districts,  Brigadier  General  David  E.  Austen,  Chief  of 
Coast  Artillery,  commanding,  in  the  order  named,  on  South  Ninth  street  east 
of  and  head  of  column  at  Bedford  avenue  facing  west. 

First  Battalion,  Field  Artillery  and  Field  Hospital  in  the  order  named, 
on  South  Ninth  street  west  of  and  head  of  column  on  Bedford  avenue  facing 
east  to  follow  troops  of  13th  Coast  Artillery  District. 

Headquarters  2d  Brigade,  2d  Company  Signal  Corps,  23d,  14th  and  47th 
Regiments  Infantry  in  the  order  named,  on  South  Tenth  street  west  of  and 
head  of  column  on  Bedford  avenue  facing  east  to  follow  Field  Hospital. 

Headquarters  ist  Brigade,  7th  and  69th  Regiments  Infantry  in  the  order 
named,  on  Division  avenue  west  of  and  right  resting  on  Bedford  avenue  facing 
east  to  follow  47th  Regiment;  12th  and  71st  Regiments  Infantry  in  the  order 
named,  on  Rush  street  west  of  and  head  of  column  at  Division-  avenue  facing 
east  to  follow  69th  Regiment;  Naval  Militia  on  Clymer  street,  east  of  and 
head  of  column  at  Bedford  avenue  facing  west  to  follow  71st  Regiment.  On 
this  formation  organizations  will  close  up  to  three  paces  between  companies 
in  order  to  accommodate  all  the  troops  in  the  streets  indicated. 

Chief  of  Staff :  Lieutenant  Colonel  George  Albert  Wingate. 

Aides:  Lieutenant  Colonel  W.  W.  Ladd,  Lieutenant  Colonel  Clifford 
Hurry,  Lieutenant  Colonel  N.  B.  Thurston,  Lieutenant  Colonel  William  H. 
Chapin,  Lieutenant  Colonel  John  N.  Stearns,  Jr.,  Lieutenant  Colonel  George 
W.  Bunnell,  Jr.,  Lieutenant  Colonel  William  G.  LeBoutillier,  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Frederick  T.  Leigh,  Captain  Louis  M.  Greer,  Captain  Cornelius 
Vanderbilt. 

The  assignment  of  organization  is  as  follows  :  Platoon  of  Mounted  Police  ; 
Grand  Marshal  and  Staff  ;  Squadrons  C  and  A,  National  Guard,  New  York, 
as  escort. 

First  Division — Detachments  of  United  States  Army.  Second  Division — 
Detachments  of  United  States  Navy.  Third  Division — National  Guard  and 
Naval  Militia  of  the  State  of  New  York ;  the  Old  Guard  of  New  York.  Fourth 
Division — Grand  Army  of  the  Republic,  Grand  Marshal  James  H.  McKenna, 
G.  A.  R.,  commanding.  Fifth  Division — Veteran  Associations  and  Patriotic 
Societies,  Colonel  John  B.  Holland,  Marshal  Commanding. 

Platoon  of  Mounted  Police. 

Organizations  of  the  Fourth  and  Fifth  Divisions  will  be  assigned  to  their 
places  in  column  by  the  Marshals  of  these  Divisions. 


GMtrial  §»uubruir  Sfcfttattion  of  tljr  Prisum  €>ljtu  ittartyrs'  fHmtumrnt. 


IK  >N.  PATRICK  ]•".  MM  .<  >WAN. 

Chairman  Uour<i  of  Alderman. 


©Atrial  guntluuttr  5h>inratum  »f  tlje  friamt  £>l?ip  iMartyra*  fMumtutrnt 

continue 

Preparatory  to  the  parade  the  troops  will  form  : 

Grand  Marshal's  Escort,  on  Morton  street  west  of  and  head  of  column  at 
Bedford  avenue,  facing  east. 

First  Division,  on  Division  avenue  east  of  and  head  of  column  at  Bedford 
avenue  facing  west  to  follow  Grand  Marshal's  Escort. 

Second  Division,  on  Division  avenue  in  rear  of  First  Division. 

Third  Division,  on  South  Ninth  and  South  Tenth  streets,  Division  avenue 
and  Rush  street,  as  directed  in  orders  from  Headquarters  National  Guard. 
The  Old  Guard  on  Clymer  street  west  of  and  head  of  column  on  Bedford 
avenue  facing  east  to  follow  naval  militia. 

Fourth  Division,  on  Taylor  street  west  of  and  head  of  column  on  Bedford 
avenue,  facing  east. 

Fifth  Division,  on  Taylor  street  east  of  and  head  of  column  on  Bedford 
avenue,  facing  west. 

Divisions  will  follow  each  other  in  their  numerical  order. 

The  formation  of  organizations  must  be  completed  at  12.45  o'clock  P.  M. 
Commanding  officers  of  divisions  will  report  the  completion  of  the  formation 
of  their  organizations  to  the  Grand  Marshal  at  Bedford  and  Division  avenues 
not  later  than  12.55  o'clock  P.  M. 

Zhc  Xttie  of  flfeavcb 

The  column  will  move  at  1.00  o'clock  P.  M.  from  Bedford  and  Division 
avenues  and  the  line  of  march  will  be  along  Bedford  avenue  to  Lafayette 
avenue  to  South  Oxford  street  to  DeKalb  avenue  to  Raymond  street  to 
Willoughby  street  to  St.  Edward's  street  and  thence  diagonally  across  the 
Plaza.  Guide  will  be  right.  The  Grand  Marshal  will  review  the  parade  from 
the  left  as  it  passes  the  monument. 

Organizations  will  proceed  along  Myrtle  avenue  north  or  south  as 
directed,  except  the  First  and  Second  Divisions,  which  will  proceed  down 
North  Portland  avenue,  and  will  leave  the  column  promptly  at  the  point  of 
dismissal  and  proceed  directly  to  their  armories  or  quarters  and  dismiss. 

Commands  will  successively  join  the  column  in  rear  of  the  organization 
designated,  passing  south  along  Bedford  avenue.  Companies  will  be  formed 
in  column  of  platoons,  sixteen  files  front.  Mounted  troops  twelve  files  front. 
Grand  Marshal  will  review  the  troops  at  the  Plaza  at  Fort  Greene  Park,  and 
officers  will  not  salute  until  within  six  paces  of  the  reviewing  officer,  who  will 
be  on  the  left.  The  cavalry  after  passing  in  review  will  turn  out  of  column 
and  form  in  column  of  squadrons  in  rear  of  the  Grand  Marshal  and  remain 
until  dismissed. 

Squadrons  A  and  C  will  act  as  escort  to  the  Grand  Marshal;  the  1st 
Company  Signal  Corps  will  act  as  escort  to  the  Brigadier  General  commanding 
the  National  Guard,  and  the  2d  Company  Signal  Corps  will  act  as  escort  to  the 
Commanding  Officer,  2d  Brigade. 

The  1st  Battalion,  with  Artillery  from  the  3d  Battery,  will  fire  a  salute  of 
twenty-one  guns  upon  the  unveiling  of  the  monument. 


©ffirial  ^aubrmr  SpJiiratum  of  tl]t  Prison  S'ljio  iHartgrs'  fHonumrnt. 


THE  NASSAU 


|"  Broadway,  cor. 

Bedford  Ave. 


TRUST  COMPANY  1 

BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 


and  356-358 

Fulton  Street. 


Established  1888 — New  York  Clearing  House  connection — 
Special  attention  to  Trnst  Funds — Accommodations  for  women 
depositors.  New  accounts  invited.  Safe  Deposit  Vaults,  Tra- 
velers' Cheques. 


William  Dick 
John  Truslow 
Edward  T.  Horwill 


A.  D.  Baird 
Herbert  F.  Guiinison 
John  V.  Jewell 
F.  D.  Mollenhauer 
Henry  Roth 
Andrew  T.  Sullivan 


Andrew  T.  Sullivan,  President. 

Harry  F.  Burns,  Secretary 
Vice-Presidents    Francis  Weekes  } 
C.  Woodworth  f 


E.  B.  Tuttle 


Trustees 

N.  F.  Brady 
Edward  T.  Hulst 
Robert  P.  Lethbridge 
Geo.  B.  Gallagher 
Charles  H.  Russell 
Henry  Siebert 


William  Dick 
Edward  T.  Horwill 
Jost  Moller 
James  H.  Post 
James  A.  Sperry 
John  Truslow 
F.  W.  Wurster 


AWtfAM  m  gTRAlfS* 

BROOKLYN.  N.Y. 
"The   Store  Accommodating." 


The  Only  Store  with  Private 
Subway  Station  and  Elevator 
Service  to  ALL  Trains. 


PHENIX 

INSURANCE 
COMPANY 

OF  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

Brooklyn  Offices  : 

12-14  Court  St. 
114  broadway 

HOME  office: 
68  WILLIAM  STREET 
new  York 


©ffirial  ftmbmir  SeMratum  of       $riaun  £t?tp  JHartyra'  jHotuimrot. 


THOMAS  WALSH. 


©ffirial  ftiitfannr  SeJiiratuut  af  tljp  JJrisun  &tfip  iHarturs'  MmwmeKl 


*kl     ^  rrr  PFM  I* 


eh  fee 

Ki  i  s  S*  *E 

[a  Li  Ilk 


...  -  J 


Cfi  1 

IMP 


i3*?5a 


SCHIEREN  BUILDING 


Factory 


and  Ni:w  York  Offices 


Tanners 
Belt  Manufacturers 


The  Old  Store 
90  Gold  St.,  New  York  City 
I    i  ,1.1,  I.. . I  1838 


NEW  YORK,  Corner  Ferry  and  Cliff  Sts.' 
CHICAGO,  84,  86,  88  Franklin  St. 
BOSTON,  186,  188  Lincoln  St. 
PHILADELPHIA,  226  North  3d  St. 
PITTSBURG,  240  Third  Avenue 
DENVER,  1622  Wazee  St. 

BROOKLYN,  N.  Y..  Corner  13th  St.  and  3d  Ave. 
HAMBURG.  GERMANY.  Auf  dem  Sandc  1 
OAK  LEATHER  TANNERIES,  Bristol.  Tenn, 


©ffirial  Sambruir  SJcftiratiuu  uf  tljr  $Iriamt  £>bip  ifflartiira'  fHnmtm?nt. 


©Atrial  gmubrntr  Eviration  of  tlje  prison         fHartara'  JHomtmimt 


Compliments  of 

THE  P.  J.  CARLIN 
CONSTRUCTION 
COMPANY 

16  EAST  23d  STREET 
NEW  YORK 


Builders  of  Martyrs  Monument 


(ffftrial  gmubriiir  UrMratum  nf  Iljr  prison  g»l]ip  iHartyra'  £Mmuimrtit. 


HON.  DANIEL  F.  COHALAN. 

Grand  Sachem  of  Tammany  Society. 


©ffirtal  ^nubfttir  Scim-atum  of  the  $riaim  £luTi  HJarttjra'  ifflmuunpnt. 


COR.  FLATBUSH  AND  LINDEN  AVES. 
BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 

Offers    I'nexcelled  Facilities 
for  all  Banking'  and 
Trnst  Business 


SAFE  DEPOSIT  VAULTS 
- 


Eagle  Savings  ®  Loan 
Company 

Founded  1891 
186  REMSEN  ST.,  BROOKLYN 

4% — Pass  Book — Open  Account 
5% — Remaining  One  Year 

Both  Accounts  Earn  from  Date  of  Deposit,  any 
day  in  the  year. 

LOANS    ONLY    ON    SECURITY    OF  FIRST 
MORTGAGE   ON   IMPROVED   REAL,  ES- 
TATE WITHIN  THE  METROPOLITAN 
DISTRICT  OF  NEW  YORK  CITY. 

Capital  and  Surplus,  $2,000,000 

TRUSTEES: 
KLWIN  S.  PIPER,  President 
LEWIS  H.  POUNDS.  1st  Vice-President. 
GEORGE  J.  JARDIN,  2d  Vice-President. 
JOSEPH  WOOD,  Secretary  and  Treasurer. 
JAMES  H.  FERGUSON 
EDWARD  M.  CHILD 
NATHANIEL  H.  LEVI 
A.  FRANK  WILSON 
JAMES  E.  HURLEY 
H.    MILTON  KENNEDY 
JOHN  B.  CREIGHTON 

FRED  G.   ASHLEY,   Ass't  Secretary. 


ST.  JOHNS  COLLEGE 

WILLOUGHBY  &  LEWIS  AVENUES 

In  the  center  of  Brooklyn,  easy  of  access  by  all 
elevated  and  surface  cars. 

Classical,  Latin-Science,  Pedagogical, 
Musical,  Commercial  and 
Special  Courses. 

Competent  and  Experienced  Professors 

Positions  secured  for  graduates  of  the  commercial 
department. 

New  building's,  thoroughly  equipped  laboratories  and 
gymnasium,  swimming-  pool,  etc  ,  etc. 

For  terms  and  further  information,  address  the 
Very  Rev.  J.  W.  Moore,  CM.,  President. 


(iDffirtal  ^nubrutr  Iritiratum  of  tljr  prison         ffiwctxjta'  iRmutmrnt. 


GEN.  HORATIO  C.  KING, 

Chairman  Committee  of  Arrangements. 


©ffirial  dmibrutr  Sroiratinn  of  tljr  Prison  S>Mp  iHartijra'  iHiutumrnt. 


What  QLktwnttv  ^tnl  (Estate  &t.  pit. 

FIRM    ESTABLISHED.  1843. 
NEW  YORK  CITY. 


(firnritr  W.  (Lhamxrr\>,  llrrs't. 


(Larttclius  (t.  Dotutrllou,  3J;  -prrs't* 
(Elms;  21utic«Ornr  ;5>'rrretrtr\t. 


(kUrrii  iVnitrh  of  tire  3ReaI  (tstatr  intsiurss  it  sprrmltg. 


Telephone,  4300-4301-430:2  M^VIN. 


Williamsburg 
Trust  Company 

Bridge  Plaza,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
BRANCHES 
391  Fulton  Street 
Broadway  and  Stockton  Street 
Interest  Paid  on  Deposits 

Assumes    Entire  Management  of 
Estates 

Travelers'  Letters  of  Credit 
Issued. 


i  >l  FICERS 


II 


HKAYTON  IV liS 
J  AO  II'.  C.  KUNCK.  - 
WILLARD  P.  RKII). 
IOIIN  II    -i  III  1 1  >  I 
1".  II.  HI'RDMAN,  - 
C  HAS.  E.  COVERT, 
T.  II.  McFARI.ANI)  - 
WM.  L.  GREIS,  - 


1 'resident 
Vice-President 
Vice-  President 
Vice-President 

Secretary 
Ass't  Secretary 
Ass't  Secretary 
Ass't  Secretary 


HIGGINS' 


DRAWING  INKS 
ETERNAL  WRITING  INK 
ENGROSSING  INK 
TAURINE  MUCILAGE 
PHOTO  MOUNTER  PASTE 
DRAWING  BOARD  PASTE 
6-IGUID  PASTE 
OFFICE  PASTE 
VEGETABLE  GLUE.  ETC. 


Are  the  Finest  and  Best 
Goods  of  their  Kind. 

Emancipate  yourself  from  the  use 
of  corrosive  and  ill-smelling  inks 
and  adbesives  and  adopt  Higgins  Inks 
and  Adhesivcs.  They  will  be  a  revela- 
tion to  you,  they  are  so  sweet,  clean, 
well  put  up,  and  withal  so  efficient. 

AT  DEALERS  GENERALLY 

CHAS.  M.  HIGGINS  &  CO, 

MANUFACTURERS 

271  Ninth  Street,  BrooKlyn,  N.  Y. 

Branches :  Chicago,  London. 


©ffirial  Smulmtir  Eeiitratiiiti  of  tljr  Jlrianu  S>lfip  iBartiira'  ittmunurnt. 


HON.   S.  V.  WHITE, 

President  Prison-Ship  Martyrs'   Monument  Association. 


©Atrial  *nuhrntr  Srittratuut  of  tljf  $rtsim  %>ln\s  iRarhirs'  iflmuimnit 


ANDREW  N.  PETERSEN.  Pres. 


WILLIAM  K.  ROSS,  Sec'y. 


Wliale  Creek  Iron  W orks 

Calyer  &  Moultrie  Sts.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


FOR  MONUMENT  MANUFACTURED  AND 
ERECTED  BY  US 


Montauk  Bank, 

FIFTH  AVENUE  &  UNION  STREET, 
BOROUGH  OF  BROOKLYN. 


Capital,  $100,000.  Surplus,  $50,000. 

OFFICERS 
Henry  M.  Randall,  President. 
Guy  Loomis,  Vice  President.  Charles  J.  Lockitt,  Cashier. 

DIRECTORS 


Havens  B.  Boylcs,  M.  D. 
Hon.  Win.  M.  Caldcr 
Michael  Furst 
Wm.  H.  Gicseler 
Adolph  Heincmann 
Chas.  D.  Larkins,  Ph.  D 
William  Lockhitt 


The  Hon.  Stephen  M.  Griswold 


Guy  Loomis 
William  L.  Newton 
Henry  M.  Randall 
John  S.  Sciully 
John  S.  Sorcnson 
Henry  J.  Straukamp 
Gottlob  Wildcrmuth 


©ffirtal  $aub?mr  irhtrattmt  nf  tlir  $)rt  turn  g»l)t^i  martyrs'  fWmutmpttt. 


HON.  STEPHEN  M.  GRISWOLD, 

Society  of  Old  Brooklynites. 


©ffirial  ^oubrntr  Sriitratuni  of  til?  ^riamt  £>l\i\s  iHartyrs'  fHmuimrnt. 


BROC  R.  SHEARS.  President  WILLIAM  S.  HURLEY.  Vice-President 

A.  K.  MOORE,  Cashier  D.  L.  THOMPSON,  Branch  Manager 


Borough  Bank  of  Brooklyn 

20  COURT  STREET 
8th  Ward  Branch,  51st  St.  and  3d  Ave. 


Capital,  $200,000.00  Surplus,  124,400.00 


Brooklyn  College 

Under  the  Direction  of  the  Jesuit  Fathers 

CROWN  HEIGHTS 
Nostrand  Avenue,  Carroll  and  Crown  Streets 

Telephone,  855  Bedford 

Grammar,  High  School  and 
College  Departments 

Tin-  Grammar  Department  is  a  Select  School 
for  Boys  from  the  Fifth  to  the  Eighth  Grade 
of  the  City  Schools 

The  High  School  is  for  Boys  who  are  Gradu- 
ates from  the  Grammar  Schools 

For  Catalogue,  etc.,  address 

Rev.  J.  F.  X.  O  CONOR,  S.  J.. 

President 


(fDffirtal  guutonir  Sroiratton  of  tl?r  prison  S>htu  ifflartyrs*  fHnttumrnt. 


JOHN   B.  CREIGHTON, 

Secretary   of  Committee. 


©ffirtal  £>mtlmur  if&tratiim  of  tift  Jlriamt  &tyV  Ufartgra*  iHunumrnL 


Granite  for  Prison 
Ship  Martyrs' 
Monument  Sup- 
plied and  Erected 

=  by== 

John  Hynes 

Bond  and  Union  Sts. 
Brooklyn,  New  YorK 

Telephone  728  Hamilton 


GDffirial  g>mtbrnir  irtitratum  nf  the  #rtsmt         fHartyra*  iWnnnmrnt. 


Zhc  prison  Sbtp  flfoonument  association 
tfxom  its  Unauouration  to  tbe  present 

ON  January  19th,  1898,  at  the  instance  of  the  Long  Island  Chapter  of  the 
Daughters  of  the  Revolution,  and  by  their  invitation,  members  of  the 
various  patriotic  societies  met  at  the  house  of  Mrs.  H.  S.  Snow,  then 
president  of  the  chapter,  to  consider  the  advisability  of  forming  an  association, 
uniting  the  separate  funds  already  held  by  the  Long  Island  Society,  Daughters 
of  the  Revolution,  and  that  of  Fort  Greene  Chapter,  Daughters  American 
Revolution,  and  working  on  broader  lines  likely  to  secure  public  appropria- 
tions. Another  meeting  was  held  at  the  same  place  February  16th,  when  it 
was  resolved  to  form  such  an  association.  A  temporary  chairman,  General 
A.  C.  Barnes,  and  a  temporary  secretary,  Mrs.  H.  C.  King,  were  chosen  and 
were  asked  to  call  a  special  meeting  the  following  month.  March  23d  many 
prominent  citizens  responded  and  the  association  was  established.  The  officers 
elected  were  :  President,  Elijah  R.  Kennedy  ;  vice-president,  Mrs.  S.  V.  White  ; 
treasurer,  Felix  Campbell;  secretary,  Mrs.  H.  C.  King;  articles  of  association 
were  proposed  and  accepted.  The  first  regular  meeting  of  the  Prison-Ship 
Martyrs'  Monument  Association  was  held  at  the  house  of  the  secretary  May 
27th,  1898,  where  nine  trustees  were  elected,  viz:  Hon.  William  Berri,  Hon. 
Cornelius  N.  Bliss,  Hon.  William  B.  Davenport,  Hon.  Henry  E.  Howland, 
Hon.  Roswell  C.  Flower,  Mrs.  Daniel  Manning,  Mrs.  Henry  S.  Snow,  Hon. 
S.  V.  White  and  Hon.  Stewart  L.  Woodford.  By-laws  were  adopted  and  the 
first  annual  meeting  of  the  association  was  held  on  the  fourth  Thursday  of 
March  23d,  1899,  at  the  residence  of  the  secretary.  The  Spanish  War  absorbed 
interest  during  that  year.  This  being  gloriously  settled,  patriotism  was  re- 
kindled and  the  work  for  this  monument  was  taken  up  with  renewed  zeal. 
The  secretary  reported  that  the  two  funds  already  raised  for  the  object,  that 
of  the  Society  of  the  Daughters  of  the  Revolution,  $6,216.29,  and  that  of  Fort 
Greene  Chapter,  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  $3,578.68,  had  been 
deposited  in  the  people's  Trust  Company  by  the  late  Hon.  Felix  Campbell, 
treasurer.   The  same  officers  and  trustees  were  then  re-elected. 

In  1900  fresh  impetus  was  given  to  the  work  by  the  finding  of  many 
more  bones  of  the  prison-ship  martyrs  at  the  navy  yard  while  digging  the 
foundation  of  building  No.  33  at  the  navy  yard,  near  Little  street.  The  secre- 
tary immediately  communicated  with  Admiral  Philip,  then  commandant  of 
the  yard,  and  requested  him  to  care  for  the  bones  and  allow  the  association 
to  have  them  buried  with  those  of  their  comrades  in  the  tomb  at  Fort  Greene. 
Admiral  Philip  most  courteously  complied  with  this  request. 

On  June  16th,  with  appropriate  ceremonies  and  military  honors,  in 
presence  of  representatives  of  other  States,  with  the  flag  for  which  they  died 
covering  the  six  caskets  containing  their  remains,  they  were  carried  up  the 
aisle  on  the  shoulders  of  sailors  of  the  United  States  Navy  and  placed  side  by 
side  beneath  the  pulpit  of  Plymouth  Church.  Religious  services  were  con- 
ducted by  the  pastor,  Rev.  Newell  Dwight  Hillis,  D.  D.,  and  addresses  were 
maJe  by  Admiral  Philip  and  Naval  Secretary  Long.  At  the  close  the  remains 
were  conveyed  in  hearses  to  Fort  Greene  Park,  preceded  by  United  States 
regulars  and  sailors,  the  Twenty-third  Regiment  and  Troop  C,  New  York 
National  Guard,  and  were  led  by  the  Marine  Band  playing  hymns  and  dirges. 


©Atrial  §>0itbr-uir  Spfctratum  of  ttjp  ^riaott  S»hip  Hartyra'  ilattumrnt. 


OTIS 
ELEVATORS 

Standard  of  the  World 


OTIS  ELEVATOR  COMPANY 


A  PUBLIC  SERVICE  CORPORATION'S  STATEMENT  AS  TO 
BUSINESS  METHODS  AND  PUBLIC  POLICY. 

The  Edison  Electric  Illuminating  Co.  of  Brooklyn  believes  and  acts  upon  the  theory  that  any  perman- 
ently satisfactory  business  must  be  built  upon  the  basis  of  mutual  advantage,  and 

That  this  mutual  ad  vantage  consists  in  giving  the  public  the  best  service  possibleat  a  price  consistent 
with  the  maintenance  of  such  service  and  a  reasonable  profit  to  stockholders  upon  their  investment. 

The  Company's  securities  represent  capital  actually  invested  in  the  business. 

The  Company's  rates  are  so  arranged  as.  with  careful  and  economical  administration,  and  the  mainte- 
nance of  a  high  and  even  liberal  standard  of  public  service,  to  permit  of  the  payment  of  a  reasonable  return 
on  this  investment. 

These  rates  differ  in  accordance  with  qualitative  consumption  as  governed  by  minimum  guarantees  on 
the  part  of  the  customer,  and  in  accordance  with  certain  broad  divisions  of  application,  as  being  for  instance, 
lower  for  power  energy  than  for  lighting  energy,  but  there  are  no  secret  rates  and  no  discrimination  as 
between  customers  in  the  matter  of  rates,  all  rates  being  public  and  the  same  rate  being  charged  in  every 
case  for  similar  service  under  similar  conditions. 

These  facts  being  as  stated  this  company  believes  itself  entitled  to  the  good  will  and  confidence  of 
the  Brooklyn  Public, 


EDISON  ELECTRIC  ILLUMINATING  COMPANY  OF  BROOKLYN, 
360  Pearl  Street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 


(©ffirial  g>intbrmr  Eviration  uf  tljp  prison         fHartyra'  monument. 


MRS.  HORATIO  C.  KING. 


©Atrial  *mtbrttir  Hrfrratuut  of  thr  Jlruum  ^lup  ittartyrs'  itlmumtrut. 


Tel.  7134  Bedford 

Chandler  Piano  Co. 

J  .  J .  SHEA 

GENUINE 

(V    H    PHANni  FBI 

222  Livingston  Street 

HOME-MADE  BREAD 

628  DeKalb  Avenue,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Kranich  &  Bach 

Ivers  &  Pond 

Ji  Postal  brings  a  wagon  to 
your  door 

and  n  any  other  Pianos 

BRANCHES 

Jersey  City,  N.  J. 
Newark,  N.  J. 
New  York. 
Staten  Island 

Renting,  Tuning 
and  Repairing 

The  very  best  workmen  employed. 

BEST  WISHES  OF 

CHAS.  B.  LAW 

Soapine 

MARESI  CO. 

Caterers  Confectioners 
and  Ice  Cream    ::  :: 

Title  Guarantee  ®  Trust 
Company 

Capital  and  Surplus  $12,000,000. 

* 

30  CLINTON  STREET, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

719  6th  Ave.,  New  York  City. 

176  BROADWAY,  Manhattan 

196  Montague  St.,  Brooklyn. 
350  Fulton  St.,  Jamaica. 
67  Jackson  Ave..  Long  Island  City. 

Official  gumbruir  ieoiratian  of  tlje  prison  g>btu  Utartura'  ilottuutntt 


The  officers  and  trustees  of  the  society  and  distinguished  guests  followed  in 
carriages.  The  grand  marshal  was  General  Horatio  C.  King.  As  stated  by 
the  Eagle  of  the  day,  "Not  a  single  feature  of  yesterday's  ceremony  failed  to 
take  place  as  planned." 

At  the  tomb  a  most  impressive  scene  was  presented.  Surrounding  the 
enclosure  on  all  sides  were  thousands  of  spectators.  The  sailors  bore  the 
caskets  on  their  shoulders  to  the  door  of  the  tomb  and  Dr.  Hillis  read  the  com- 
mittal service.  After  singing  "Nearer,  My  God,  to  Thee,"  each  casket  was 
reverently  placed  within.  The  bugle  sounded  and  the  guns  boomed  a  parting 
salute  to  the  soldiers  and  sailors  of  a  century  ago,  whose  noble  sacrifices  were 
now  honored  and  commemorated. 

In  1901  Hon.  S.  V.  White  was  elected  president  of  the  association, 
Stephen  M.  Griswold  trustee  and  Augustus  Van  Wyck  and  General  H.  C.  King 
counsel. 

In  1902  the  popular  and  efficient  treasurer,  Felix  Campbell,  died,  and 
Edward  Johnson,  president  of  the  People's  Trust  Company,  was  chosen  to  fill 
the  vacancy.  He  served  faithfully  until  his  death,  in  1906,  when  Charles  A. 
Boody,  his  successor  in  the  trust  company,  took  his  place.  Hon.  Elijah  R. 
Kennedy  was  elected  trustee.  Strenuous  and  successful  effort  was  made  this 
year  to  raise  the  amount  lacking  of  the  $25,000  necessary  to  make  up  the 
$200,000  when  the  Federal,  State  and  city  appropriations  might  be  granted. 

In  1903  General  King  was  appointed  sole  counsel.  It  was  resolved  at  a 
special  meeting  to  incorporate  the  association,  and  the  incorporation  was 
effected  May  4th,  1903,  with  the  following  directors :  Hon.  Cornelius  N.  Bliss, 
Hon.  William  Berri,  Mr.  Charles  T.  Barney,  Jr.,  Robert  D.  Benedict,  Hon. 
William  B.  Davenport,  Hon.  S.  M.  Griswold,  General  Thomas  H.  Hubbard, 
Edward  Johnson,  General  Horatio  C.  King,  Mrs.  Horatio  C.  King,  Mr. 
William  G.  Low,  Hon.  Thomas  C.  Piatt,  Mr.  Walter  S.  Logan,  Mrs.  Anna  B. 
Snow,  Hon.  Stephen  V.  White,  Mrs.  Stephen  V.  White,  General  Stewart  L. 
Woodford. 

Efforts  were  increased  to  raise  more  money.  Contributions  were  made 
through  all  of  the  directors  until  the  sum  of  $26,000  was  deposited  with  the 
treasurer. 

No  history  of  this  association  would  be  complete  without  special  men- 
tion of  the  tireless  devotion  of  the  late  Vice-President  Eliza  M.  C.  White,  who 
from  the  beginning  of  this  movement  until  her  death  made  it  her  dearest  wish 
to  see  the  monument  completed.  She  raised  personally  a  great  deal  of  money 
and  in  every  possible  way  furthered  and  helped  the  object.  Her  friends  rejoice 
in  the  accomplishment  of  the  great  work  to-day,  and  hope  that,  although  she  is 
absent  in  body,  she  views  it  all  with  sublime  feelings  of  satisfaction  from 
above. 

During  all  these  years  Hon.  S.  V.  White  had  been  indefatigable  in  push- 
ing the  bill  before  Congress,  the  Legislature  and  the  city.  He  gave  his  time 
and  money  liberally,  and  had  the  satisfaction  of  seeing  his  efforts  crowned  with 
success.  The  State  bill  was  signed  by  Theodore  Roosevelt  as  Governor  and 
the  Federal  bill  by  him  as  President. 

Now  that  the  $200,000  was  actually  available,  it  was  time  to  consider 
plans  for  the  monument.  Accordingly  Mr.  White  appointed  a  committee,  con- 
sisting of  General  Stewart  L.  Woodford,  Hon.  Elijah  R.  Kennedy,  Hon.  S.  V. 
White,  Mr.  Robert  D.  Benedict,  Mrs.  Horatio  C.  King.  Mr.  Benedict  was 
elected  chairman  and  Mrs.  King  secretary. 

They  decided  to  secure  the  services  of  three  prominent  firms  of  archi- 


©tfirial  Swtbrmr  Spiiiratimt  of  the  prison  &bip  fHartgrs'  UJunumrnt 


Interested 

In  Purity,  Quality  &  Flavor? 


and  Chocolates 

Are  the  only  ones  to  meet  your  re- 
quirements.   Insist  on  getting  them. 

SOLD  EVERYWHERE 

458  FULTON  STREET 
335-337  FULTON  STREET 
492-494  NOSTRAND  AVENUE 
Union  Street  and  7th  Avenue 

BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 


UNION  BANK 

of  Brooklyn 

Main  Office,  44  Court  Street 


BRANCHES 
Atlantic 

2495  Atlantic  Ave. 
Hamilton 

79-81  Hamilton  Ave. 
Market 

Flushing  &  Washington 
Aves. 
Merchants 

802-804  Broadway 
Peoples 

1246  Broadway 
17th  Ward 

894  Manhattan  Ave. 
Stuyvesant 

1572  Fulton  St. 

Edward  M.  Grout,  Pres't 

E.  J.  Stalker,  J.  T.  Ashley, 

Vice-Pres't  Cashier 

BUSINESS  ACCOUNTS  SOLICITED 


WILLIAM   M.  CALDER 
BUILDER 

252  WINDSOR  PLACE 

TELEPHONE 

1255  south  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y. 


"PATTERSON'S  SPECIAL"  Best  Family  Coal 

All  Orders  Receive  the  Same  Piompt  and  Careful  Attention 

YARDS  AND  OFFICES 
Kent  Avenue,  cor.  North  9th  St         Nostrand  Avenue  &  Quincy  St. 
Morgan  Ave.  &  Johnson  Ave.  Myrtle  Ave.  &  Bushwick  Ave. 

Rodney  St.  &  Kent  Ave.  Douglass  &  Nevins  Sts. 

TclcplK .lie  Coiuici-tiiisj;  All  Departments,  2310  Greenpoint. 

Scranton  ®  Lehigh  Coal  Company 

Tho    Y   ison,  Pres.  &  Gen.  Mgr.  BROOKLYN,  NEW  YORK 


(Official  8>0itttpnir  Seiiiratum  of  tljp  |Jrtflim  S'liip  iHartyrs'  jUnnumrnt. 


MRS.  STEPHEN  V.  WHITE. 


©ffirial  $oulirmr  Seoicatiqtt  of  Ujp  ^rtsutt  l£>Iny  ittartyrs'  fHmutmrnt. 


STUDIO, 
164  FIFTH  AVENUE 


Bet.  21st  and  22d  Sts, 


'Phone,  5995  Gramercy. 


The  people  of  Brooklyn 
are  to  be  congratulated 
mi  the  acquisition  of 
"The  Prison  Ship  Mar- 
tyrs' Monument." 

H.  CO. 


83  5 


(SdmplTrnentS  of 

HERMAN  A.  METZ 


ST.  FRAWCIS  COLLEGE 

Brooklyn's  Oldest  and  Largest  Catholic  College 

— —  Fifty^First    Year  ■ 
Begins  Second    Half   Year  February,    8,  1909- 

CONDUCTED  BY  THE  FRANCISCAN  BROTHERS 

(Under  patronage  of  Right  Rev.  Charles  E.  McDonnell.  D.  D..  Bishop  of  Brooklyn.  ) 

Boarders  and  Day  Scholars 

All  Departments  Registered  by  Regents,  University,   State  of  New  York 

FULL   COLLEGIATE  COURSE 

Leading  to  Degrees  B.   A.   and  B.  S. 

COURSE  IN  PEDAGOGY 

For  Young  Men  Intending  to  Teach  in  New  York  Public  Schools.       Approved   by  the 
State   Board   of  Education. 

HIGH  SCHOOL 

Has  Two  Departments — Commercial  and  Classical.  A  Limited 
Number   of   Grammar  and  Primary  Grade  Students  Received. 

FOR  TERMS  ADDRESS.  PHONE  OR  CALL  AT  OFFICE.  11  BUTLES  S  [".,  BROOKLYN.  N  Y. 

BROTHER  VINCENT.  O.  S.  F..  President. 


GDffirial  &aubtn\v  Sriuatum  uf  tljr  $Iruwtt  M}i\>  Martyrs'  iHmummtt. 


tects,  viz:  McKim,  Mead  &  White,  Lord  &  Hewlett,  Mr.  Woodruff  Leeming 
and  Carriere  &  Hastings,  who  submitted  designs.  A  jury  of  three  expert 
artists  were  selected — Mr.  St.  Gaudens,  Henry  Bacon  and  Warren  Whitney. 
On  February  3d  a  decision  was  rendered,  and  on  February  5th  the  committee 
met  at  the  house  of  the  secretary,  where  the  jury's  award  was  made  known. 
The  committee  and  directors  met  at  the  house  of  Elijah  R.  Kennedy  on  Feb- 
ruary 8,  where  the  designs  were  exhibited.  That  recommended  by  the  jury, 
that  of  Messrs.  McKim,  Mead  &  White,  was  formally  accepted.  The  success- 
ful firm  were  made  the  architects  in  charge  of  construction  of  the  monument 
under  the  direction  of  the  Government  and  commission  of  four,  the  Secretary 
of  War,  William  H.  Taft ;  the  Governor  of  New  York,  Charles  E.  Hughes ; 
the  Mayor  of  the  city,  George  B.  McClellan,  and  the  president  of  the  associa- 
tion, S.  V.  White.  This  is,  in  brief,  a  summary  of  a  year's  work  of  the  com- 
mission ;  on  plans,  of  many  meetings,  extensive  correspondence  and  visits  to 
officials.  It  would  seem  that  now  the  money  was  raised,  the  design  selected, 
all  would  go  smoothly  on  and  the  monument  soon  be  built,  but  there  was  still 
much  to  be  done  by  the  commission,  working  first  under  the  Government's 
engineer,  Col.  McKenzie,  and  afterward  under  Col.  Marshall.  The  site  had  to 
be  surveyed  and  was  graded  and  changed.  Numerous  difficulties  appeared 
to  prevent  a  speedy  conclusion,  but  finally,  on  October  16th,  1907,  the  corner- 
stone was  laid  with  impressive  ceremonies  in  the  presence  of  a  vast  assemblage 
of  patriotic  men  and  women.  Governor  Hughes  made  a  brilliant  address  after 
President  White  had  given  a  sketch  of  the  work  of  the  past  nine  years.  General 
Fred  D.  Grant  also  spoke,  patriotic  songs  were  sung  and  all  eyes  were  glad- 
dened to  see  the  beginning  of  the  end  of  our  dreams.  The  work  has  progressed 
under  the  P.  J.  Carlin  Construction  Company,  and  to-day  the  stately  column 
rears  itself  above  us  to  proclaim  to  the  world  that  republics  are  not  ungrateful, 
even  though  sometimes  slow  to  put  their  deepest  sentiments  of  patriotism  into 
imperishable  form.  The  marvelous  bravery  with  which  these  men  of  long  ago 
suffered  and  died  rather  than  betray  their  country  is  now  and  forever  pro- 
claimed, and  so  long  as  time  shall  last  this  shaft  will  be  an  object  lesson  to 
the  men  and  the  women  and  the  youth  of  America. 


Some  of  those  prominent  in  to-dav*s  Celebration. 


GENERAL  HORATIO  C.  KING,  LL.  D. 

General  Horatio  C.  King,  chairman 
Committee  of  Arrangements,  has  been  a 
director  and  counsel  for  the  Martyrs' 
Monument  Association  since  its  inception. 
He  has  been  a  resident  of  New  York 
State  since  1861  and  of  Brooklyn  since 
1865,  and  prominent  always  in  matters 
affecting  the  fair  fame  and  progress  of  his 
adopted  city.  He  was  born  in  Maine  in 
1837,  but  went  to  Washington  City  in  in- 
fancy and  resided  there  until  1861.  He 
graduated  at  Dickinson  College,  of  which 
he  is  now  a  trustee;  in  1858,  studied  law 
with  Edwin  M.  Stanton  and  was  admitted 
to  the  New  York  Bar  in  1861. 

In  1862  he  was  appointed  Captain  of 
Volunteers,  was  promoted  to  Major  and 
served  three  years  in  the  Civil  War,  win- 
ning the  Congressional  Medal  Honor  for 
conspicuous  gallantry  in  the  Battle  of 
Five  Forks,  Virginia,  March,  1865,  and  the 


brevets  of  Major,  Lieutenant -Colonel  and 
Colonel.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he  made 
his  permanent  home  in  Brooklyn,  where 
in  June,  1866,  he  married  Esther  A.  How- 
ard, only  surviving  daughter  of  the  late 
John  T.  Howard,  the  founder  of  Plymouth 
Church,  with  which  General  King  has 
been  ever  since  identified,  having  been  its 
clerk  for  nearly  a  decade.  He  was  for 
eleven  years  a  member  of  the  Board  of 
Education  when  Brooklyn  was  a  city,  and 
resigned  to  accept  the  post  of  trustee  of 
the  State  Soldiers'  Home.  He  was  Major 
of  the  Thirteenth  Regiment,  Judge  Advo- 
cate of  the  Fourth  Brigade  (General  Mol- 
ineux  commanding),  and  Judge  Advocate 
General  on  the  staff  of  Governor  Cleve- 
land. The  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws  was 
conferred  ppon  him  by  Allegheny  College. 
As  lawyer,  orator,  author,  poet  and  com- 
poser, General  King  has  a  national  repu- 
tation, and  few  men  in  Brooklyn  have  a 
wider  circle  of  friends  and  acquaintances. 


©Atrial  &aub?mr  UrMratum  nf  tljr-  $nsim  §>h;ip  fSartyra'  fflmutmrnt. 


HON.  LUKE  E.  WRIGHT. 
Hon.  Luke  E.  Wright.  Secretary  of  War, 
is  a  native  of  Tennessee,  and  was  born 
in  the  year  1846.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Memphis  Bar.  He  was  active  in  relief 
measures  during  the  yellow-fever  scourge 
of  1878.  In  1903  Hamilton  College  con- 
ferred upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.  D., 
and  the  same  degree  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  the  University  of  Mississippi  in 
1905. 

On  March  16.  1900.  he  was  appointed  a 
member  of  the  Philippine  Commission,  of 
which  Commission  he  was  president  dur- 
ing 1903  and  1904.  He  was  appointed 
Civil  Governor  of  the  Philippines  in  1904, 
and  was  later  appointed  Governor  Gen- 
eral, which  office  he  occupied  until  1906. 
During  1906  and  1907  he  was  the  Amer- 
ican Ambassador  to  Japan.  He  succeeded 
Judge  Taft  as  Secretary  of  War  on  July 
1,  1908. 

While  serving  as  a  member  of  the 
Philippine  Commission,  he  was  appointed 
Secretary  of  the  Executive  Department  of 
Commerce  and  Police  upon  the  organiza- 
tion of  that  department,  September  1. 
1901.  As  an  incident  to  the  illness  of 
Governor  Taft,  the  office  of  Vice-Governor 
of  the  Philippines  was  created  on  Octo- 
ber 29,  1901,  and  Secretary  Wright  was 
appointed  to  fill  the  same. 

Among  the  most  important  bills  which 
were  prepared  by  Secretary  Wright  and 
enacted  into  laws  by  the  Philippine  Com- 
mission, were  the  Criminal  or  Penal  Code, 
the  bill  for  the  Organization  of  the  Con- 
stabulary to  replace  the  army  in  many 
small  garrisons,  the  bill  organizing  the 
police  force  of  Manila,  and  that  for  the 
improvement  of  its  harbor. 

ESTHER  HOWARD  KING. 

Esther  Howard  King,  secretary  of  the 
Prison  Ship  Martyrs'  Monument  Associa- 
tion, wife  of  General  Horatio  C.  King 
and  first  and  only  secretary  of  the  asso- 
ciation, was  born  in  Brooklyn  and  has 
always  lived  here.  Her  parents  were  Mr. 
and  Mrs.  John  Tasker  Howard,  early  resi- 
dents when  Brooklyn  was  a  village. 

Mrs.  King  began  her  work  for  this 
monument  in  1895  when,  as  Regent  of 
the  Long  Island  Chapter  of  the  Daugh- 
ters of  the  Revolution,  she  brought  the 
subject  to  the  attention  of  the  chapter, 
and  a.sked  the  members  to  make  it  their 
special  work.  She  appointed  Mrs.  S.  V. 
White,  chairman  of  the  committee.  A 
large  sum  was  raised  within  a  year.  Soon 
after  Mrs.  White  organized  the  Fort 
Greene  Chapter  of  the  Daughters  of  the 
American  Revolution  and  continued  to 
work  zealously  in  that  organization. 

In  March,  1898,  the  Prison  Ship  Mar- 
tyrs' Monument  Association  was  formed, 
the  Daughters  of  the  Revolution  taking 
the  initiative.  This  society  and  all  patri- 
otic citizens  were  invited  to  become  mem- 
bers. The  two  funds  were  united  and 
additional  subset  ipt  ions  were  secured  un- 
til the  sum  reached  about  $27,000 


In  the  early  years  much  hard  work  was 
necessary,  and  many  disappointments 
came  to  the  members  of  the  association, 
but  never  discouraged,  they  kept  on  until 
the  glorious  end  was  attained,  the  rescu- 
ing the  memory  of  these  patriots  who 
were  faithful  unto  death  from  the  shame- 
ful neglect  of  more  than  a  century.  To- 
day all  discouragements  are  forgotten  in 
the  joy  of  seeing  the  glad  fruition  of  their 
hopes,  the  dedication  of  the  great  monu- 
ment to  the  Prison  Ship  Martyrs. 

EX-SENATOR  STEPHEN  M.  GRISWOLD. 

Stephen  M.  Griswold  was  born  in  Wind- 
sor, Connecticut,  November  21,  1835,  his 
father  being  a  farmer  of  modest  means. 
At  the  age  of  16  he  came  to  Brooklyn 
and  secured  a  position  in  the  grocery  store 
of  Young  &  Williams,  at  the  foot  of  At- 
lantic avenue.  His  position  there  was 
that  of  a  clerk,  and  for  remuneration  he 
received  only  his  board  and  clothing. 
Afterwards  he  became  an  office  boy  in 
the  store  of  an  English  cutlery  firm  on 
Gold  street,  Manhattan.  Two  years  later, 
when  he  was  19  years  old,  he  took  a  posi- 
tion as  bookkeeper  in  a  jewelry  house, 
and  has  been  to  the  present  day  con- 
nected with  the  jewelry  business.  In  1857 
he  started  in  business  for  himself  at  177 
Broadway.  His  establishment  is  now  lo- 
cated at  65  Nassau  street.  He  cast  his 
first  vote  for  John  C.  Fremont  in  1856  and 
has  ever  since  been  active  in  the  Repub- 
lican party.  During  the  Civil  War  he 
was  president  of  an  organization  which 
held  twenty  great  meetings  in  the  Acad- 
emy of  Music.  At  the  close  of  the  war  he 
went  with  Beecher  to  Fort  Sumter  and 
assisted  in  raising  the  old  flag.  He  has 
since  been  active  in  many  public  move- 
ments, and  has  spent  six  years  in  public 
life  as  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Alder- 
men and  in  the  Senate.  His  connection 
with  the  world  of  finance  began  with  the 
organization  of  the  Union  Bank  in  1892. 
He  was  one  of  the  organizers  and  was 
made  its  president.  He  served  for  two 
years  as  vice-president  of  the  New  York 
State  Bankers'  Association  and  was  elect- 
ed to  the  presidency  for  the  year  1903. 
Mr.  Griswold  traveled  extensively,  having 
visited  Europe,  Egypt,  Palestine,  Asia 
Minor  and  Turkey.  He  was  with  Mark 
Twain  on  the  Quaker  City  excursion,  join- 
ing the  party  in  Italy  and  leaving  it  in 
Egypt.  He  visited  the  Czar  of  Russia  and 
his  palace  by  special  invitation.  He  also 
visited  the  Grand  Duke  Michael.  He  was 
entertained  by  both  of  them  for  two  days, 
simply  because  he  wes  an  American.  The 
Czar  and  Czarina  stated  at  the  time  that 
they  desired  to  be  on  friendly  terms  with 
America  and  hope  that  America  would  re- 
ciprocate the  friendship  of  their  people. 

Mr.  Griswold  is  a  member  of  the  Mon- 
tauk  Society  and  an  active  member  of  the 
Old  BrooMynites.  He  is  one  of  the  trus- 
tees of  the  Prison  Ship  Martyrs'  Associa- 
tion and  a  member  of  the  Executive  Com- 
mi'tee  of  the  Beecher  Memorial  Fund. 


THE  PEOPLES 

Trust  Company 

ORGANIZED  1889 

181-183  Montague  Street 

BRANCHES  AT 
BEDFORD  AVE.,  Corner  Halsey  Street 
CLINTON  AVE.,  Corner  Myrtle  Avenue 

OFFICERS: 

CHARLES  K.   DOODY  President 

I.  G.  DETTMER  First  Vice-President 

H.  J.  MORSE  Second  Vice-President 

CHARLES  L.  SCHENCK  Secretary 

H.   M.   HEATH  Ass't  Secretary 

W.  A.  FISCHER  Ass't  Secretary 

J.  FRANK  BIRDSELL  Ass't  Secretary 

CLARENCE  I-  McGOWAN  Ass't  Secretary 

Allows  Interest  on  Deposits. 

Serves  as  Executor,    Trustee,   Guardian  and 
in  all  other  fiduciary  capacities  authorized  by 
law. 

Sate  Deposit  Vaults  ot  latest  construction. 
Safes  at  $5.00  and  upward  per  year. 

Organized  1883 

Long  Island  Loan 
and  Trust  Company 

"TEMPLE  BAR  " 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Old  Accounts  Appreciated 

New  Acounts  Invited 
All  Accounts  Fairly  Treated 

Capital.  Surplus  and  Profits 
$2,800,000 

OFFICERS  : 

EDWARD  MERRITT,  President. 
Clinton  L.  Rossiter,  1st  Vice-President. 
David  G.  Leggett,  2d  Vice-President. 
Frederick    T.    Aldridge,  Secretary. 

Willard  P.  Schenck,  Ass't  Secretary. 

Robert  B.  Reilly 
Company 

Tea  Importers  and  Coffee  Roasters 

Wholesale  and  Retail 

38  WHITEHALL  STREET 
CITY 

The  old  headquarters,  and  the  only 
place  where  you  can  get  the 
original  goods. 

OTHER   STORES   BEARING   THIS  NAME 
ARE  TRYING  TO  IMITATE  US  BY  OFFER- 
ING   INFERIOR    GOODS    AT    25    AND  35 
CENTS     A     POUND.       COMPARE  THEIR 
GOODS  WITH  OURS  TO  BE  CONVINCED. 

HIGH-GRADE.  TEA   25c. 

UNDER  THE  PERSONAL  MANAGEMENT 
OF  MRS.  R.  B.  REILLY. 

NO    CONNECTION    WITH    ANY  OTHER 
STORE  BEARING  THE  NAME  OF  REILLY. 

"CHILDREN  TEETHING." 
MRS.  WINSLOW'S 

SOOTHING  SYRUP 

SHOULD  ALWAYS  BE  USED 

FOR  CHILDREN  TEETHING 

It  soothes  the  child,  softens  the  gums,  allays  | 
,  all    pain,    cures    wind   colic   and    is   the  best 
remedy  for  diarrhoea. 

Twenly-five  Cents  a  Botlle. 
There  is  Nothing  so  Soothing  as  a  Mother's  Kiss 
EXCEPT 

%  Mrs,  Winslow's  Soothing  Syrup 

Millions  of  Mothers  will  tell  you 
It  soothes  the  Child.             It  Softens  the  Gums. 
It  Cures  Wind  Colic.             It  Allays  All  Pain. 
It  is  the  Best  Remedy  for  Diarrhoea. 

It  is  Absolutely  Harmless  and  for  sixty  years 
has  proved  the   Best   Remedy  for 
Children  Teethine. 

Be  sure  you  ask  for 

Mrs.  VVinslow's  Soothing  Syr:; 

AND  TAKE  NO  OTHER. 

Guaranteed  under  the  Food  and  Drugs  Act,  j 
June  30th,  1906.    Serial  Number  109S. 

History  Writes  Unrelentingly  the  Story  of  Yesterday. 

HENRY  W.  B.  HOWARD,  assisted  by  Arthur  N.  Jervis,  say 
in  the  "History  of  the  City  of  Brooklyn,"  compiled  from  the 
records  of  1775,  ''The  prison  ships  "  as  a  "living  grave," 
"floating  hells";  that  fully  5000  people  are  said  to  have  been  im- 
murred  toward  the  end  of  1776  in  the  "Jersey  "  and  other  prison  ships. 
This  is  the  language  of  the  editors:  "  Of  all  the  grewsome  tales  that 
wars  have  contributed  to  the  world's 
1  chamber  of  horrors  '  there  is  none 
more  terrible  than  that  of  the  prison 
ships."  These  horrors  were  prac- 
tised within  sight  of  Fulton  Street 
and  Gallatin  Place,  where  our  store 
now  stands. 

But  a  better  day  belongs  to  this 
generation.  The  monument  stands 
in  marble,  not  to  commemorate  the 
norror  o  f  the  "  prison  ships,"  but  to  ever  tell  of  devotion  to  principle. 

Devotion  to  the  principles  of  liberty  is  as  important  to  the  people 
who  live  in  peace  and  prosperity  under  the  sheltering  folds  of  the  stars 
and  stripes  as  to  the  martyrs  who  through  suffering  created  the  flag. 

The  peace  of  commer- 
cialism has  welded  the 
world  a  unit.  To  do  our 
part  in  reciprocity  to  the 
world  is  a  duty  as  it  is  a 
pleasure. 

Through  commission- 
er in  every  part  of  the 
globe,  this  we  do.  The 
line  of  measurement  does 
not  begin  from  the  Prison 
Ship  Monument  at  Port 
Greene,  but  from  the  Eternal  Circle  of  Good  Will  which  is  without 
beginning  or  end. 

A.  D.  MATTHEWS'  SONS. 


